Economic Conditions in the Philippines |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
abaca abaca fiber advance amount animals Batangas Bohol brought Bureau of Agriculture Cagayan Valley cane capital carabao cavans Cebu cent Chart China cloth coconut commercial considerable consumed copra corn countries cultivation debt demand districts domestic dry season Europe export crops factories farm farmers fertile fields Filipinos fish forest grades greater grown haciendas harvest hectares household houses Ifugaos Igorots Ilocanos Ilocos Ilocos Norte Iloilo increase industry irrigation kasama kilos labor Laguna Laguna Province land landlord less Luzon machinery Manila manufacture merchants methods mills Negritos Negros nipa Nueva Ecija obtained owner Pangasinan parcels peasant proprietors pesos pests Philip PHILIPPINE ISLANDS pines places plantations planters plants plots plow population production profit Province quantities regions result rinderpest seed sell share soil square mile Subanuns sugar supply tenant tion tobacco towns trade transportation turnuhans United usually vegetable village Visayas wage wealth
Popular passages
Page 216 - The aims of instruction in the lower grades of the public schools are to enable the pupil to understand, read, and write simple English, to give him a sufficient knowledge of figures so that he can later protect his own interests in minor business dealings, and to provide him with a limited fund of information on the subject of geography, sanitation, and hygiene, government, and standards of right conduct.
Page 229 - But, while protein can be burned in the place of fats and carbohydrates, neither of the latter can take the place of the albuminoids in building and repairing the tissues. At the same time the gelatinoids, fats, and carbohydrates, by being consumed themselves, protect the albuminoids from consumption.
Page 192 - Upon delivery to the tenant of the animal he takes bugnos, advance money. This varies from PI 5 to P70 and forms a retainer, as it were, until the owner sees fit to release him and his family. The money itself he generally spends for his womenkind, and the remainder at the cockpit, which is his natural depravity, but his only pleasure in a life of hopeless drudgery.
Page 100 - ... a smaller percentage of the undesirable impurities. Eighteen tons of beet roots were necessary in 1836 to produce 1 ton of sugar; in 1850, this quantity was reduced to 13.8 tons; in 1860, to 12.7 tons, and in 1889, to 9.25 tons. From 5 per cent of sugar, as found by Marggraf , the sugar beet of good quality, thanks to the scientific work which has developed it, now contains 15 per cent and more, at least 12 per cent being considered necessary for profitable manufacture.
Page 193 - On large farms and haciendas years often pass without a patuid, or settlement, and the tenant never knows whether he owes P50 or PI 00; thus, practically not only his work is demanded but that of his wife and children, until they are old enough to enter as tenants, or until death passes the debt on to the younger generation. Their lives are a continual round of work and drudgery, the owner generally finding something to be done at all times.
Page 335 - have built up a large commercial organization consisting of importers, wholesalers, middlemen, and buyers and a credit system extending through all of these.
Page 8 - Moros mountain rice, wax, resins, and rattan, iu exchange for cotton fiber, yarn, and cloth; weapons; brass boxes, jars, trays, gongs, and ornaments of various kinds; and Chinese jars. The Moro traders arrive in boats, and the Subanuns bring down their products from the hills on their backs, as they have no beasts of burden, vehicles, or boats. Sometimes, however, they use rafts on the river. In these transactions the Subanuns are often badly cheated by the Moros. The articles with which the Negritos...
Page 19 - ... constantly, they have achieved permanency of residence. 2. The mountain peoples have greater variety of food than the Subanuns. 3. They also have as great a store of food as the Subanuns and are consequently as far removed from danger of starvation. 4. In weaving and pottery they are no farther advanced than the Subanuns, but in woodwork and metal work they have surpassed them. In metal work they have gained division of labor, in that various operations in the process of making articles of metal...
Page 22 - ... killed in the chase. The Negrito is in the stage of primitive group economy, in which production is solely for the group's needs, and in which goods are consumed where they are produced. On the other hand, the Subanun is on the verge of, and the Bontok, Igorot, and Ifugao are just entering, the stage of primitive town economy, the stage of direct exchange, when goods pass directly from the producer to the consumer. The Subanuns are much more independent of nature than are the Negritos, since...
Page 3 - The ground is roughly cleared, and rice, corn, squash, and sweet potatoes are planted. Among the most primitive a few rude shelters are erected near this clearing while the crop matures; but such settlements are not permanent, and when once the food from the kaingin has been consumed they wander off. Indeed it sometimes happens (as in case of a death) that they leave before the crop matures. We have seen that hunting is the province of the men. The men also * Probably no Negritos now exist who do...