Bridging the Comprehensive Gap with Pictures |
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ability answered orally basal reader baseline and maintenance Building schemata Carnine classroom code theory cognitive correct responses criterion level Croll decoders dependent variable Educational Psychology effects of illustrations Gain Pre-Picture grade Hillsdale imagery instructed to image Iowa Test Journal of Educational Learning Disability Levin low imagers maintenance phase Mn2 meta-analysis middle school-aged students Mn 1 Mn Mn 2 Gain Nelson Reading Skills passage or picture Pearson percentage of correct phase Mnl PIAT picture session PK questions poor readers post-picture sessions present study deliberately prior knowledge questions questions about stories R. J. Spiro randomly assigned reading comprehension Reading Research Quarterly retells Schallert Science Research Associates scored second intervention condition second maintenance condition second maintenance phase second student SI questions special education story segment strategy student responded student showed Study of Reading subtest Test of Basic textual Tierney topic University of Illinois verbal visual WISC-R worksheet young children's