Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2005: Historical TablesNational Consciousness and Literary Cosmopolitics: Postcolonial Literature in a Global Moment by Weihsin Gui argues that postcolonial literature written within a framework of globalization still takes nationalism seriously rather than dismissing it as obsolete. Authors and texts often regarded as cosmopolitan, diasporic, or migrant actually challenge globalization’s tendency to treat nations as absolute and homogenous sociocultural entities. While social scientific theories of globalization after 1945 represent nationalism as antithetical to transnational economic and cultural flows, National Consciousness and Literary Cosmopolitics contends that postcolonial literature represents nationalism as a form of cosmopolitical engagement with what lies beyond the nation’s borders. Postcolonial literature never gave up on anticolonial nationalism but rather revised its meaning, extending the idea of the nation beyond an identity position into an interrogation of globalization and the neocolonial state through political consciousness and cultural critique. The literary cosmopolitics evident in the works of Kazuo Ishiguro, Derek Walcott, Shirley Geok-lin Lim, Preeta Samarasan, and Twan Eng Tan distinguish between an instrumental national identity and a critical nationality that negates the subordination of nationalism by neocolonial regimes and global capitalism. Through their formal innovations, these writers represent nationalism not as a monolithic or essentialized identity or body of people but as a cosmopolitcal constellation of political, social, and cultural forces. |
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21 limitation Administration of justice benefits and services Commerce and housing Community and regional CONSTANT FY 2000 Direct Grants Total Direct payments employment and social Energy estimate estimate estimate Federal employee retirement Federal funds Federal outlays Fiscal Food and nutrition Food stamp program FUNCTION AND SUBFUNCTION Grants Total Direct Health and Human Homeland Security Housing and Urban Housing assistance housing credit Human Services Increased sec Independent Agencies On-budget insurance and retirement June 30 mandatory programs Medicaid millions of dollars N/A N/A N/A National Science Foundation nutrition assistance Off-budget trust On-budget trust funds OUTLAYS FOR GRANTS payments for individuals percentages of GDP railroad retirement regional development related programs resources and environment retirement and disability retirement receipts Security Administration On-budget Small Business Administration social insurance Social Security Administration social services space and technology Stat Subtotal Supplemental Security Income Total Direct Grants Total nondefense Total outlays Undistributed offsetting receipts Urban Development