Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Page 2

Albert L. Lehninger, David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox

Macmillan, 2005 - Medical - 1119 pages

The "Fourth Edition of Principles of Biochemistry stays true to the vision of its predecessors while embracing the advances made in biochemical research since the previous edition. As always, the book presents the fundamentals of biochemistry through selected topics, and emphasizes the most important recent developments and applications without abandoning the classical core of the subject. The new "Fourth Edition has been carefully streamlined to reduce the length of the book without compromising content. As always, "Principles of Biochemistry emphasizes clear prose and student-friendly explanations to optimize student comprehension. The new "Fourth Edition contains a groundbreaking new treatment of metabolic regulation, up-to-date coverage of DNA-based information technologies, many new applications and problems, and a new graphical style for enzyme reaction mechanism, including step-by-step annotations that clarify the concepts and chemical logic of enzymatic reactions.

Contents

• The Foundations of Biochemistry: 1
• Functional Genomics Shows the Allocations of Genes: 38
• STRUCTURE AND CATALYSIS: 45
• Entropy Increases as Crystalline Substances Dissolve: 51
• An Osmotic Event: 59
• Buffers Are Mixtures of Weak Acids and Their Conjugate: 66
• Amino Acids Peptides: 75
• Amino Acids Can Act as Acids and Bases: 81
• Polypeptides Have Characteristic Amino Acid: 87
• Unseparated Proteins Can Be Quantified: 94
• Amino Acid Sequences Can Also Be Deduced by Other: 100
• Amino Acid Sequences Provide Important Biochemical: 106
• The ThreeDimensional Structure: 116
• Box 41 Knowing the Right Hand from the Left: 122
• Box 42 Permanent Waving Is Biochemical Engineering: 127
• Globular Proteins Have a Variety of Tertiary Structures: 134
• Protein Motifs Are the Basis for Protein Structural: 141
• Amino Acid Sequence Determines Tertiary Structure: 148
• Protein Function: 157
• Hemoglobin Subunits Are Structurally Similar: 163
• Hemoglobin Also Transports H+ and CO2: 170
• Self Is Distinguished from Nonself by the Display of Peptides: 176
• Actin Myosin and Molecular Motors: 182
• Enzymes: 190
• A Few Principles Explain the Catalytic Power and Specificity: 196
• Mechanism: 202
• PreSteady State Kinetics Can Provide Evidence for Specific: 208
• Hexokinase Undergoes Induced Fit on Substrate Binding: 218
• In Many Pathways a Regulated Step Is Catalyzed by: 226
• Some Regulatory Enzymes Use Several Regulatory: 232
• Carbohydrates and Glycobiology: 238
• Monosaccharides Are Reducing Agents: 244
• Steric Factors and Hydrogen Bonding Influence: 250
• Proteoglycans Are GlycosaminoglycanContaining: 256
• Lectins Are Proteins That Read the Sugar Code and Mediate: 262
• Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: 273
• DNA Stores Genetic Information: 280
• Messenger RNAs Code for Polypeptide Chains: 287
• Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Undergo Nonenzymatic: 293
• Adenine Nucleotides Are Components of Many Enzyme: 301
• Restriction Endonucleases and DNA Ligase Yield: 307
• Specific DNA Sequences Are Detectable: 314
• Genome Sequences Provide the Ultimate Genetic: 321
• Detection of ProteinProtein Interactions Helps to Define: 327
• Manipulation of Animal Cell Genomes Provides Information: 333
• Lipids: 343
• Glycerophospholipids Are Derivatives of Phosphatidic: 349
• Sphingolipids at Cell Surfaces Are Sites of Biological: 353
• Steroid Hormones Carry Messages between Tissues: 359
• Adsorption Chromatography Separates Lipids of Different: 365
• Biological Membranes and Transport: 369
• All Biological Membranes Share Some Fundamental: 371
• Covalently Attached Lipids Anchor Some Membrane: 378
• Caveolins Define a Special Class of Membrane Rafts: 385
• Transporters Can Be Grouped into Superfamilies Based: 391
• Biosignaling: 421
• VoltageGated Ion Channels Produce Neuronal Action: 427
• Receptor Guanylyl Cyclases Generate the Second Messenger: 433
• The BAdrenergic Receptor Is Desensitized: 439
• Calcium Is a Second Messenger in Many Signal: 442
• II: 443
• Membrane Rafts and Caveolae May Segregate Signaling: 451
• Light Triggers Conformational Changes in the Receptor: 457
• Disruption of GProtein Signaling Causes Disease: 464
• CDKs Regulate Cell Division by Phosphorylating Critical: 470
• BIOENERGETICS AND METABOLISM: 481
• Principles of Bioenergetics: 489
• Other Phosphorylated Compounds and Thioesters Also Have: 497
• Glowing Reports of ATP: 503
• Reduction Potentials Measure Affinity for Electrons: 509
• Flavin Nucleotides Are Tightly Bound in Flavoproteins: 515
• Glycolysis Gluconeogenesis and the Pentose: 521
• The Payoff Phase of Glycolysis Produces ATP: 529
• Dietary Polysaccharides and Disaccharides Undergo: 535
• Fermentation: 538
• Conversion of Pyruvate to Phosphoenolpyruvate Requires: 544
• The Oxidative Phase Produces Pentose Phosphates: 550
• Glucose: 560
• Pioneers in Glycogen Metabolism: 566
• Regulatory Enzymes Respond to Changes in Metabolite: 572
• Glycogen Synthase Is Also Regulated by Phosphorylation: 586
• The Contribution of Each Enzyme to Flux through: 592
• The Citric Acid Cycle: 601
• The Citric Acid Cycle Has Eight Steps: 608
• The Energy of Oxidations in the Cycle Is Efficiently: 614
• The Citric Acid Cycle Is Regulated at Its Three Exergonic: 622
• Fatty Acid Catabolism: 631
• The Four BOxidation Steps Are Repeated to Yield Acetyl: 639
• Peroxisomes Also Carry Out ẞ Oxidation: 646
• Ketone Bodies Are Overproduced in Diabetes and during: 652
• Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production: 656
• Dietary Protein Is Enzymatically Degraded to Amino: 658
• Box 181 Assays for Tissue Damage: 664
• Several Enzyme Cofactors Play Important Roles in Amino: 672
• Phenylalanine Catabolism Is Genetically Defective in Some: 679
• Asparagine and Aspartate Are Degraded: 685
• Oxidative Phosphorylation: 690
• Electrons Are Funneled to Universal Electron Acceptors: 692
• The Energy of Electron Transfer Is Efficiently Conserved: 701
• ATP Synthase Has Two Functional Domains: 708
• The Proton Gradient Drives the Release of ATP from: 709
• An Inhibitory Protein Prevents ATP Hydrolysis during: 717
• HARVESTING LIGHT ENERGY: 723
• Flow: 730
• Spatial Separation of Photosystems I and II Prevents Exciton: 736
• Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants: 751
• Synthesis of Each Triose Phosphate from CO2 Requires: 762
• In C4 Plants CO2 Fixation and Rubisco Activity: 769
• and Bacterial Peptidoglycan: 775
• Pools of Common Intermediates Link Pathways in Different: 781
• Lipid Biosynthesis: 787
• Acetate Is Shuttled out of Mitochondria as Citrate 794 Several Classes of Reactions Play Special Roles in: 797
• Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis in Animals Is Regulated by 22 3 Molecules Derived from Amino Acids 854: 804
• Biosynthesis of Amino Acids Nucleotides: 833
• Adipose Tissue Generates Glycerol 3phosphate by Heme Is the Source of Bile Pigments: 854
• Eukaryotic Pathways to Phosphatidylserine Arginine Is the Precursor for Biological Synthesis of Nitric: 860
• Carbamoyl Phosphate: 867
• Cholesterol Biosynthesis Is Regulated at Several Levels 825 Degradation of Purines and Pyrimidines Produces Uric Acid: 873
• Hormonal Regulation and Integration: 881
• The Discovery and Purification of Hormones Require: 882
• Hormone Release Is Regulated by a Hierarchy of Neuronal: 889
• Adipose Tissue Stores and Supplies Fatty Acids: 897
• Insulin Counters High Blood Glucose: 904
• Leptin Stimulates Production of Anorexigenic Peptide: 912
• INFORMATION PATHWAYS: 921
• Eukaryotic Genes and Chromosomes Are Very: 928
• Topoisomerases Catalyze Changes in the Linking Number: 935
• Nucleosomes Are Packed into Successively Higher Order: 942
• DNA Metabolism: 948
• Replication Is Very Accurate: 954
• Bacterial Replication Is Organized in MembraneBound: 963
• Box 251 DNA Repair and Cancer: 970
• The Interaction of Replication Forks with DNA Damage: 976
• Recombination Requires a Host of Enzymes and Other: 982
• Complete Chromosome Replication Can Require Site: 988
• RNA Metabolism: 995
• Transcription Is Regulated at Several Levels: 1001
• RNA Polymerase II Requires Many Other Protein Factors: 1003
• RNA Catalyzes the Splicing of Introns: 1009
• RNA Enzymes Are the Catalysts of Some Events in: 1017
• Some Retroviruses Cause Cancer and AIDS: 1023
• Box 263 The SELEX Method for Generating RNA Polymers with: 1030
• Protein Metabolism: 1034
• Wobble Allows Some tRNAs to Recognize More than: 1039
• The Ribosome Is a Complex Supramolecular Machine: 1045
• AminoacyltRNA Synthetases Attach the Correct: 1051
• Peptide Bonds Are Formed in the Elongation: 1058
• Nonsense: 1065
• Regulation of Gene Expression: 1081
• Regulatory Proteins Have Discrete DNABinding: 1087
• The lac Operon Undergoes Positive Regulation: 1093
• Some Genes Are Regulated by Genetic Recombination: 1100
• The Genes of Galactose Metabolism in Yeast Are Subject: 1106
• Appendix A Common Abbreviations in the Biochemical Research: 1120
• Literature: 1-1
• The Cytoplasm Is Organized by the Cytoskeleton and: 1-9
• Macromolecules Are the Major Constituents of Cells 15: 1-15
• Organisms Transform Energy and Matter from Their: 1-22
• Genetic Continuity Is Vested in Single DNA Molecules 29: 1-29
• Molecular Anatomy Reveals Evolutionary Relationships 36: 1-36

Bibliographic information

• Title: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Page 2; Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Albert L Lehninger
• Authors: Albert L. Lehninger, David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox
• Edition: illustrated
• Publisher: Macmillan, 2005
• ISBN: 0716743396, 9780716743392
• Length: 1119 pages
• Subjects: Medical / Biochemistry; Science / Life Sciences / Biochemistry