Graphite and PrecursorsPierre Delhaes Humans first used carbon as chars from firewood in ritual paintings and primitive metallurgical processes. Natural forms of carbon have been known since antiquity, yet the knowledge of the carbon element in chemistry and its technical applications on a larger scale are a relatively recent development. The industrial revolution in Europe two centuries ago led the way to the numerous applications of these graphitic forms that are still used today. Graphite and Precursors features short tutorial articles on different topics related to the science and technology of carbons intended for engineers, students of Materials Science and scientists who are seeking a fundamental understanding without "reinventing the wheel." This first volume of the World of Carbon book series focuses on graphite and its precursors, including its origin and various implications. The basic properties of hexagonal graphite are developed, and several theoretical and experimental approaches explain why this crystalline solid is fascinating in solid state physics. Also featured are the numerous applications connected to thermal, mechanical and chemical graphites, as well as their various industrial uses in polycrystalline form. Finally, carbon precursors are introduced. |
Contents
Electronic Band Structure of Graphites | 25 |
Electronic Conduction | 45 |
Magnetic Properties of Graphite and Graphitic Carbons | 71 |
Thermal Properties and Nuclear Energy Applications | 87 |
Mechanical Properties | 111 |
Carbon Surface Chemistry | 141 |
Applications of Polycrystalline Graphite | 179 |
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Common terms and phrases
acid activated carbon anisotropic Ap/Po aromatic band gap basal plane Boehm bonds Brillouin zone Burchell carbon atoms carbon fibers carbon materials carbon surface carbons and graphites carboxyl Chem chemical Chemistry and Physics coke compounds crystallites decreases defects Dekker Delhaès density diamagnetism diamond dimensional disorder dispersion relations Dresselhaus edge electrical electrical resistivity electronic structure energy Fermi level Fermi surface fibres fullerenes graphene graphene layers graphite materials groups heat treatment heat-treated hexagonal high temperature Hishiyama hydrogen in-plane increases interaction intercalation irradiation isotropic lattice low temperatures magnetic field magnetoresistance matrix mesophase pitch Mochida modulus molecular molecules Mrozowski nanotubes neutron Oberlin orientation oxidation oxygen parameters peak phase phonons Phys Physics of Carbon plasma polycrystalline graphite polygranular precursors pyrolytic pyrolytic graphite reaction resistivity room temperature sample scattering shown in Figure single crystal sp² bonded sp² sites sp³ stacking strength temperature dependence thermal conductivity turbostratic values Young's modulus