Remote Sensing of the European SeasVittorio Barale, Martin Gade Princess Enheduanna, daughter of king Sargon of Akkad, lived around 2300 BC. She was a high priestess of the moon god Nanna in the ancient city of Ur. And an accomplished poet too. In fact, she is the author of a number of Sumerian hymns, and is generally considered to be the earliest author known by name. When she came to honor Inanna – the goddess of sexual love, fertility, and warfare, daughter of Nanna and often associated with the planet Venus (the one that the Akkadians called Ishtar) – above all the other gods of the Sumerian pantheon, she mentioned for the very first time, in her Hymn number 8, nothing less than the “Seven Seas”. . . Septem Maria, would call them the Romans centuries later, after inher- ing the concept from the Greeks (for whom seven probably just meant several), but perhaps applying it to the wrong place – i. e. the extensive system of coastal lagoons, which at the time dotted the northern Adriatic Sea – at least in the description of Pliny the Elder, Roman fleet commander and scholarly author of Historia Naturalis. Indeed, which seven seas are int- ded depends on the context. According to the historians, there are at least nine bodies of water in the medieval European and Arabic literature that can - pire to qualify as one of the famous seven. |
Contents
Ocean Colour Remote Sensing of the Optically Complex | 35 |
Case Studies of Optical Remote Sensing in the Barents Sea | 53 |
Black Sea and Caspian Sea 53 O V Kopelevich V I Burenkov and S V Sheberstov | 67 |
Optical Remote Sensing of Intertidal Flats | 117 |
Visible and Infrared Remote Sensing of the White | 129 |
Remote Sensing of Coastal Upwelling in the NorthEastern | 141 |
Current Tracking in the Mediterranean Sea Using Thermal | 165 |
The Next Generation of MultiSensor Merged Sea Surface | 177 |
Introduction and Application to AirSea | 283 |
Can we Reconstruct the 20thCentury Sea Level Variability in | 307 |
High Resolution Wind Field Retrieval from Synthetic Aperture | 331 |
Approaches | 359 |
SAR Observation of Rip Currents off the Portuguese Coast 399 J C B da Silva | 411 |
Wave and Current Observations in European Waters | 423 |
Applications | 447 |
Coastal Waters | 463 |
Microwave Radiometry and Radiometers for Ocean Applications 207 | 206 |
for Sea Surface Salinity Measurement from Space | 223 |
Sea Ice Parameters from Microwave Radiometry | 239 |
P Hoogeboom and L Lidicky | 252 |
Scatterometer Applications in the European Seas | 269 |
Sea Ice Monitoring in the European Arctic Seas Using | 487 |
Acronyms | 499 |
505 | |
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algorithms altimeter analysis angle antenna applications Atlantic atmospheric average backscatter Baltic Sea basin Black bloom brightness changes coast coastal colour combination concentration correlation cover depends depth derived detection developed direction distribution eddies effects estimated et al European example field Figure frequency Geophys Res global improved increase Institute internal Italy layer LIDAR limited mapping marine mean measurements Mediterranean Mediterranean Sea method microwave monitoring North Sea observed ocean oil spills operational optical parameters period phytoplankton polarization pollution possible present processes radar radiometer range region Rem Sens remote sensing Research resolution retrieval river salinity sampling SAR images satellite scales scattering sea ice sea surface seasonal SeaWiFS sensors ship shown shows signal signatures space spatial spectral Strait temperature tion types upwelling values variability wave wind speed