Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines |
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air flow air/fuel mixture air/fuel ratio automotive bearings bmep camshaft carburettor cast iron cent clearance combustion chamber compression ignition engines compression ratio compressor constant contact breaker crankshaft cycle cylinder head diagram direct injection engines dynamometer effect electronic emissions engine speed equivalence ratio exhaust gas exhaust valve four-stroke friction power fuel economy fuel injection fuel injection systems heat transfer in-line increases induction and exhaust injector inlet manifold inlet valve internal combustion engines isentropic efficiency knock litre load lubrication mass flow rate mechanical minimised naturally aspirated nozzle octane operating optimum power output pressure drop pressure ratio pulse pump radial reduced rotor shown in figure spark ignition engines spark plug specific fuel consumption stratified charge engines swept volume swirl T₁ T₂ temperature throttle top dead centre torque turbine turbocharged engine turbocharger turbulence two-stroke typical unburnt velocity venturi volumetric efficiency Watson and Janota