SEISMOMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF THE HAWAIIAN LAVA COLUMN1920 |
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accord activity angle basalt Bulletin changes chart cinder cones crag crater crest crust December direction DISTANCES OF ORIGIN diurnal dome earthquake frequency east tilt east-west effect epimagma equinox eruption explosion fault feet fissure gases Halemaumau harmonic tremor Hawaii Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Hualalai hypomagma islands Jaggar July June Kilauea Kilauea Sink kilometers Kohala lava column lava flows lava fluctuation lava movement liquid lava lunar magma Mauna Kea Mauna Loa maxima measured meters microtremor milligals Mokuaweoweo northeast November nutation Oahu Omori pahoehoe pendulum perilith period Plate 15 Plate 22 pressure pyromagma quakes registration release rift rise and fall rising lava rock Sakurajima sea level seismic seismograms Sept September shocks shows six-day interval slope solar solstice spasmodic tremor stress subsidence summit surface temperature tion trough tumescence Upolu Point vents volcanic system Waimanu Waipio west tilt Zeissig Table
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Page 187 - Noon 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM 4 PM 5 PM 6 PM 7 PM 8 PM 9 PM 10 PM 11 PM...
Page 187 - Midnight 1 am 2 am 3 am 4 am 5 am 6 am 7 am 8 am 9 am 10 am...
Page 177 - ... they were both hungry and thirsty, were acceptable. The strawberries had rather an insipid taste; the raspberries were white and large, frequently an inch in diameter, but not so sweet or well-flavoured as those cultivated in Europe and America. Between nine and ten in the forenoon they arrived at a large extinguished crater, about a mile in circumference, and apparently four hundred feet deep, probably the same that was visited by some of Vancouver's people, in 1792. The sides sloped regularly,...
Page 161 - ... solidification or efflorescence of the aa type. Perfect aa should be "dead" lava; its vesicles are deformed and its gases largely replaced by air, with the result that the iron of the glass is extremely oxidized at high temperature even at the moment of solidification, in those cases, like aa lava flows, where the porous paste has been stirred in the open. The swift and long Hawaiian flows are pahoehoe at the source and aa below, as might be expected.
Page 161 - Wells are kept open by the rising pyromagma through the inert epimagma, and the walls of these tubes are probably glazed and gas-tight. The...
Page 161 - ... becoming increasingly viscous, an endothermic process so far as the gas is concerned; the fused filling or pyromagma is heating by gas reaction and hence becoming increasingly fluent with bubbling melt. The cooling hypomagma is becoming denser and the warming pyromagma less dense. Hence the pyromagma rises and surficially loses its gas, and the residue sinks to merge with the epimagma. The reactions of the gaseous elements while in solution are problematical, but hypomagma is probably hotter...
Page 181 - Baldwin expresses the opinion "that the sources of this yellow eruption in the lower part of Kau have been covered up with later flows"; ie, partly flows from Mauna Loa.
Page 180 - Omori, F., Horizontal Pendulum diagram obtained during a storm. Publications of the Earthquake Investigation Committee, No. 21, pp.
Page 183 - Sakurajima shows that the depression, compensat ing both elevation and outflow, is like that afUsu and is quantitatively greater. The volcano itself was lifted from seven to ten meters, and the shoreline belt subsided from one to three meters including differential sinking of the bottom of Kagoshima bay. The sea-water level rose from one to two meters all about the bay, this being a local effect due to the subsidence of the land, not shared by seashore places remote from the immediate surroundings...