The Economics of Global WarmingExamines the costs and benefits of an agressive programme of global action to limit green house warming. It summarizes the scientific issues from the standpoint of an economist and places emphasis on effects over 200 to 300 years. Estimates are also presented for economic damamges. |
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Page 153
... backstop is set at $ 20 per mmBtu in 1988 dollars , twice as high as the carbon fossil backstop and 10 times as high as the $ 2 per mmBtu for coal . Of the four types of adjustment outlined at the outset , the Manne - Richels ( MR ) ...
... backstop is set at $ 20 per mmBtu in 1988 dollars , twice as high as the carbon fossil backstop and 10 times as high as the $ 2 per mmBtu for coal . Of the four types of adjustment outlined at the outset , the Manne - Richels ( MR ) ...
Page 156
... backstop at fixed cost . A third important feature of this approach is that it sets an absolute limit on the carbon tax required . Without the backstop , the tax would tend to continue rising over time to close the ever - widening gap ...
... backstop at fixed cost . A third important feature of this approach is that it sets an absolute limit on the carbon tax required . Without the backstop , the tax would tend to continue rising over time to close the ever - widening gap ...
Page 180
... backstop technologies by the year 2002 . The availability of the backstop technologies makes little difference in the scen- arios that permit carbon cuts to be postponed to the distant future subject to a cumulative total , again ...
... backstop technologies by the year 2002 . The availability of the backstop technologies makes little difference in the scen- arios that permit carbon cuts to be postponed to the distant future subject to a cumulative total , again ...
Contents
The Scientific Framework and VeryLongTerm Warming | 4 |
Science and the Emergence of the Policy Issue | 13 |
General Circulation Models | 19 |
Copyright | |
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Common terms and phrases
20 percent abatement action afforestation agricultural alternative amount analysis approach atmospheric average backstop baseline benchmark benefit-cost ratio benefits billion calculations capita income carbon dioxide carbon emissions carbon reduction carbon sequestration carbon tax carbon-dioxide-equivalent CFCS chapter Climate Change climate sensitivity CO₂ coal consumption cost curve damage deforestation developing countries discount rate discussed economic cost efficiency elasticity energy environmental equation forest fossil fuel function future global warming greenhouse effect greenhouse gases greenhouse warming growth GtC annually hectare higher horizon impact increase industrial countries initial investment IPCC ISBN paper long-term loss Lovins Manne and Richels Manne-Richels marginal utility measures National noncarbon Nordhaus output parameter percent of GDP population price of capital production projections radiative forcing rate of return relatively rise scenario shadow price social rate SRTP temperature tons of carbon United very-long-term warming Washington World zero