Electronic Theories of Organic Chemistry: An Introductory Treatment |
Contents
THE NATURE OF CHEMICAL BINDING FORCES AND OF CHEMICAL REACTION | 1 |
THEIR DEFICIENCIES AND CORRECTION THE INDUC TIVE EFFECT | 20 |
PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF COVALENCY 3333 | 33 |
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acetate addition alcohol alkali alkyl groups alkyl halide amine anion aromatic attack benzene ring bimolecular bonding electrons bromide C. K. Ingold carbon atom carbonyl carbonyl group catalyst cation CH₂ classical structural compound concentration conjugated system covalent bond deactivation delocalization double bond electron density electron displacements electron distribution electron-attracting electron-pair displacements electron-repelling electrophilic reagent electrophilic substitution elimination reaction energy equilibrium ester esterification ethylene example experimental conditions fission formation formed give H₂O halogen hence hydrogen atom hydrogen bromide hydrolysis hydroxide ion hyperconjugation increase inductive effect kinetic mesomeric effect mesomeric ion mesomeric structure methyl group negative charge nitration nitrogen nitronium cation nucleophilic reagent nucleophilic substitution nucleus occur octet olefin orbitals organic chemistry ortho polar effects polarizability positive charge proton proton transfer prototropic pseudo-acid rate-determining step relative salt slow solvent stable substitution reaction sulphuric acid tautomeric tion unimolecular mechanism unshared electron pairs valency velocity