Test Anxiety: Theory, Research, and ApplicationsIrwin G. Sarason |
Contents
Problems and Approaches | 15 |
THEORY AND RESEARCH | 17 |
Test Anxiety and Cue Utilization | 43 |
Copyright | |
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academic achievement activity addition analysis anxious applied approach arousal assessed associated attention attribute behavior Chapter clients Clinical cognitive compared components concern condition coping correlated Counseling cues desensitization differences difficult direct discussion Educational effects emotional emotionality evaluative evidence examination example expected experience experimental factors failure fear findings function given highly important increased indicated individuals influence instructional interaction interpretation involving Journal learning less math mathematics meaning measures memory methods motivation nature negative observed outcome performance persons physiological possible presented problem procedures processes Psychology reactions recall reducing relationship relatively relaxation reported response reviewed Sarason Scale scores self-control similar situations skills social specific Spielberger stimuli strategies stress subjects success suggested systematic desensitization taking task techniques test anxiety test-anxious theory therapy treatment University worry York