Processes in Karst Systems: Physics, Chemistry, and GeologyKarst Systems deal with the question of how the subsurface drainage system, typical of Karst areas develops from its initial state to maturity. Equal attention is given to physical, chemical and geological conditions which determine karstification. The reader will find discussions of mass transport, chemical kinetics, hydrodynamics of fluxes, and the role of dissolution and precipitation of Calcite as they occur in experiments and natural environments. It offers a wealth of information on a complex natural system to hydrologists, hydrochemists, geologists and geographers. |
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aperture aquifer average bedding plane boundary conditions boundary layer Buhmann and Dreybrodt Ca² Ca2+ concentration CaCO3 calcite dissolution calcite surface calcium calculated carbonate cave development cave passages channels chemical closed system cm year¹ CO₂ CO₂ pressure curves dependence deposition rates diameter diffusion boundary layer dissolution rates dissolved distance elementary reactions equilibrium Ewers experiments factor Figure first-order fissures flow velocity flux fracture function given groundwater H₂CO HCO3 hydraulic gradient hydraulic head hydrodynamic increasing initial input joints k₁ karst systems karst water karstification kinetics laminar flow limestone mass transport mmol obtained open system output particles Pco₂ penetration lengths permeability phreatic phreatic zone Plummer porous medium rate constant region rock saturation shown in Fig shows solution species speleothems stalagmite supersaturated temperature thickness tubes turbulent flow vadose vadose zone values water table writeln Drucker zone