Processes in Karst Systems: Physics, Chemistry, and GeologyKarst Systems deal with the question of how the subsurface drainage system, typical of Karst areas develops from its initial state to maturity. Equal attention is given to physical, chemical and geological conditions which determine karstification. The reader will find discussions of mass transport, chemical kinetics, hydrodynamics of fluxes, and the role of dissolution and precipitation of Calcite as they occur in experiments and natural environments. It offers a wealth of information on a complex natural system to hydrologists, hydrochemists, geologists and geographers. |
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Page 6
... water flow with a free surface exists in the now vadose region . Cave passages originating under these conditions show vertical entrenchment and develop into canyons . Relations of cave levels to the position of former river valleys ...
... water flow with a free surface exists in the now vadose region . Cave passages originating under these conditions show vertical entrenchment and develop into canyons . Relations of cave levels to the position of former river valleys ...
Page 80
Physics, Chemistry, and Geology Wolfgang Dreybrodt. 5 Hydrodynamics of Flow Flow of groundwater in karst areas covers ... water in the rock . The springs fed by this kind of water , which has sufficient time to equilibrate with respect ...
Physics, Chemistry, and Geology Wolfgang Dreybrodt. 5 Hydrodynamics of Flow Flow of groundwater in karst areas covers ... water in the rock . The springs fed by this kind of water , which has sufficient time to equilibrate with respect ...
Page 82
... flow ( upper part ) exhibits a streamline ( dotted line ) . In turbulent flow ( lower part ) eddies Occur 5.1 Laminar and Turbulent Flow The different types of flow can be visualized by ... water aquifers to a 82 Hydrodynamics of Flow.
... flow ( upper part ) exhibits a streamline ( dotted line ) . In turbulent flow ( lower part ) eddies Occur 5.1 Laminar and Turbulent Flow The different types of flow can be visualized by ... water aquifers to a 82 Hydrodynamics of Flow.
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aperture aquifer average bedding plane boundary conditions boundary layer Buhmann and Dreybrodt Ca² Ca2+ concentration CaCO3 calcite dissolution calcite surface calcium calculated carbonate cave development cave passages channels chemical closed system cm year¹ CO₂ CO₂ pressure curves dependence deposition rates diameter diffusion boundary layer dissolution rates dissolved distance elementary reactions equilibrium Ewers experiments factor Figure first-order fissures flow velocity flux fracture function given groundwater H₂CO HCO3 hydraulic gradient hydraulic head hydrodynamic increasing initial input joints k₁ karst systems karst water karstification kinetics laminar flow limestone mass transport mmol obtained open system output particles Pco₂ penetration lengths permeability phreatic phreatic zone Plummer porous medium rate constant region rock saturation shown in Fig shows solution species speleothems stalagmite supersaturated temperature thickness tubes turbulent flow vadose vadose zone values water table writeln Drucker zone