Sign-tracking: The Stimulus-reinforcer Relation and Directed Action |
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acquisition animal approach and contact auditory auto-shaping experiment auto-shaping procedure auto-shaping situation behavior directed behavioral contrast birds chamber chicks classical conditioning concept conditioned stimulus contact response differential discrimination learning discriminative stimulus display distinctive feature duration effect elicited evoked Experimental Analysis Gamzu and Williams grain delivery Hearst houselight intertrial interval involved Jenkins's key illumination keylight keypecking latent learning lever lighted key localizability long-duration pecks manipulandum movements negative observing responses occurred off-key omission procedure operant behavior operant conditioning pairings Pavlovian conditioning pecked the key Peterson phase phenomena pigeons positive correlation predictive signal predictive stimulus presentations primary reinforcement quadrants rats reinforcer Rescorla response key response-reinforcer contingency response-reinforcer correlations role S+ trials Sainsbury's schedule sessions sign-tracking signaling stimulus Skinner Skinner box spatial standard auto-shaping stimulus-reinforcer contingency stimulus-reinforcer correlations stimulus-reinforcer relation studies subjects tendency Tolman visual Wasserman whereas