The Holocaust and Genocides in EuropeFocusing on the major cases of genocide in twentieth-century Europe, including the Armenian genocide, the Holocaust and genocide in the former Yugoslavia, as well as mass killing in the Soviet Union, this book outlines the internal and external roots of genocide. Internal causes lie in the rise of radical nationalism and the breakdown of old empires, while external causes lie in the experience of mass violence in European colonial empires. Such roots did not make any case of genocide inevitable, but they did create models for mass destruction. This book enables students to assess the interplay between general causes of violence and the specific crises that accelerated moves towards radical genocidal policies. Chapters on the major cases of twentieth-century European genocide describe and analyse several key themes: acts of genocide; perpetrators, victims and bystanders; and genocide in particular regions. Using the voices of the human actors in genocide, often ignored or forgotten, this volume provides arresting new insights, while the conclusion frames European genocide in a global perspective, giving students an entry point to the discussion of genocide in other continents and historical periods. |
Contents
1 | |
9 | |
2 Armenian Genocide | 43 |
3 Mass killing in the Soviet Union | 89 |
4 The Holocaust | 111 |
5 Ethnic cleansing and acts of genocide in the former Yugoslavia | 163 |
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Common terms and phrases
acts of genocide Anatolia anti-Semitism areas Armenian Genocide Aryans assault attacks Auschwitz Balakian Balkan Bosnian Muslims Bosnian Serb bystanders campaign carried Central civilians colonial Communist concentration camps created crimes against humanity Croatia Croats Dawid death camps deportations destruction early east eastern Anatolia Einsatzgruppen ethnic and religious ethnic cleansing Europe’s European genocides European Jews extermination famine Final Solution former Yugoslavia Genocide Convention German Germany’s ghettos groups Gypsies Hitler Holocaust ICTY identity imperial Jewish Jews Khmer Rouge Kosovo Kulaks leaders mass killing massacres military million murder Nazi Germany NKVD occupation Ottoman Armenians Ottoman Empire paramilitary perpetrators pogroms Poland police political population prisoners racial radical refugees regime region Republic Russian Second World Second World War Serb forces Serbia soldiers Soviet Union Srebrenica Stalin survived targeted terror threat took towns Turkey Turkish nationalists twentieth century twentieth-century Europe Ukraine University Press victims violence Visegrad York Young Turks