Militant Mediator: Whitney M. Young Jr.During the turbulent 1960s, civil rights leader Whitney M. Young Jr. devised a new and effective strategy to achieve equality for African Americans. Young blended interracial mediation with direct protest, demonstrating that these methods pursued together were the best tactics for achieving social, economic, and political change. Militant Mediator is a powerful reassessment of this key and controversial figure in the civil rights movement. It is the first biography to explore in depth the influence Young's father, a civil rights leader in Kentucky, had on his son. Dickerson traces Young's swift rise to national prominence as a leader who could bridge the concerns of deprived blacks and powerful whites and mobilize the resources of the white America to battle the poverty and discrimination at the core of racial inequality. Alone among his civil rights colleagues—Martin Luther King Jr., Roy Wilkins, James Farmer, John Lewis, and James Forman—Young built support from black and white constituencies. As a National Urban League official in the Midwest and as a dean of the School of Social Work at Atlanta University during the 1940s and 1950s, Young developed a strategy of mediation and put it to work on a national level upon becoming the executive director of the League in 1961. Though he worked with powerful whites, Young also drew support from middle-and working-class blacks from religious, fraternal, civil rights, and educational organizations. As he navigated this middle ground, though, Young came under fire from both black nationalists and white conservatives. |
Contents
As the Twig Is Bent | 8 |
Growing Up with Jim Crow | 24 |
Maturing in Minnesota | 35 |
Retooling the League | 135 |
Maintaining a Middle Ground | 161 |
Humanizing the City | 184 |
Corporate Philanthropy and Civil Rights | 207 |
Washington Insider | 237 |
On the War Front | 269 |
The Ties That Bind | 283 |
Bibliography | 362 |
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administration affiliates file agency American April Atlanta University became black community black leaders Black Power board members cities civil rights leaders civil rights movement Clement Papers committee Conference corporate Council CUCRL Currier December Dept desegregation Dodge drew efforts employment executive director February federal folder Ford Foundation funds ghetto groups interracial interviewed by author involvement issues January Johnson July June Kennedy Kentucky Kimball leadership League affiliates League leader League's Lester Granger Lincoln Institute Luther King Jr March Margaret Martin Luther King meeting ment militant Moreover NAACP National Urban League Negro Nixon NUL Records October officials Omaha Omaha Star organization participation Paul president race relations racial Rockefeller Brothers Fund Rockefeller Foundation role Roy Wilkins SCLC segregation SNCC southern staff Steeger tion Urban Coalition Vietnam Washington welfare White House Whitney Young WMY Jr York Young Jr Young to Clement Young told Young wanted