Public Finance in Theory and Practice |
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Page 491
... reduced , but also because an income tax reduces the net rate of return on saving , thus lowering the rate at which the household can substitute future for present consumption . As a result , one may expect the savings rate to be reduced ...
... reduced , but also because an income tax reduces the net rate of return on saving , thus lowering the rate at which the household can substitute future for present consumption . As a result , one may expect the savings rate to be reduced ...
Page 495
... reduce the investor's return if he wins but , provided that loss offset is allowed for , it will also reduce his loss if he loses . 28 Given a proportional tax , both probable gains and probable losses will be reduced at the same rate ...
... reduce the investor's return if he wins but , provided that loss offset is allowed for , it will also reduce his loss if he loses . 28 Given a proportional tax , both probable gains and probable losses will be reduced at the same rate ...
Page 705
... reduced pollution falls short of the loss from reduced consumption of X.14 This conclusion may not satisfy the naturalist who would like to see totally pure water or air . In the economist's language , this view would set pollution ...
... reduced pollution falls short of the loss from reduced consumption of X.14 This conclusion may not satisfy the naturalist who would like to see totally pure water or air . In the economist's language , this view would set pollution ...
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adjustment aggregate demand applied assets average benefits billion bracket rates budget capital gains capital income changes considered consumer consumption corporation tax cost debt deduction depreciation differentials earnings economic effects efficient equal equity estate tax exemptions expenditures factor federal finance fiscal policy given grants gross growth important imposed incidence increase indifference curve individual income tax inflation interest investment involves issues itemized deductions low-income major marginal rate marginal utility measures negative income tax noted output payments payroll tax percent percentage preferences problem profits programs progressive progressive taxation property tax public sector purchases ratio redistribution reduced result rise sales tax saving schedule share shown social Table tax base tax burden tax incidence tax rate tax structure taxable income taxation taxpayers tion transfer United utility value-added tax various voters voting wage welfare