Indo-European Linguistics: An IntroductionThe Indo-European language family consists of many of the modern and ancient languages of Europe, India and Central Asia, including Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, Russian, German, French, Spanish and English. Spoken by an estimated three billion people, it has the largest number of native speakers in the world today. This textbook provides an accessible introduction to the study of the Indo-European languages. It clearly sets out the methods for relating the languages to one another, presents an engaging discussion of the current debates and controversies concerning their classification, and offers sample problems and suggestions for how to solve them. Complete with a comprehensive glossary, almost 100 tables in which language data and examples are clearly laid out, suggestions for further reading, discussion points, and a range of exercises, this text will be an essential toolkit for all those studying historical linguistics, language typology and the Indo-European languages for the first time. |
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... Latin andSanskrit. Also from the beginning of the Christian Era we have much more limited corpora of many more IE languages. The stock of recorded IE languages further increases as we move forward in time. In 2003, over 2.5 billion ...
... Latin andSanskrit. Also from the beginning of the Christian Era we have much more limited corpora of many more IE languages. The stock of recorded IE languages further increases as we move forward in time. In 2003, over 2.5 billion ...
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... Latin: 'Rufus and Tiro wrote (this).' But the remainder of the inscription is not Latin. The inscription is taken to refer to the sacrifice of animals by a people called the Veaminicori to gods who are also addressed with their cult ...
... Latin: 'Rufus and Tiro wrote (this).' But the remainder of the inscription is not Latin. The inscription is taken to refer to the sacrifice of animals by a people called the Veaminicori to gods who are also addressed with their cult ...
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... Latin noun declension. The interpretation of this inscription rests entirely on the identification of its language as IE, but most scholars have found it hard to believe all these similarities are entirely due to chance ...
... Latin noun declension. The interpretation of this inscription rests entirely on the identification of its language as IE, but most scholars have found it hard to believe all these similarities are entirely due to chance ...
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... Latin and its descendants following the Roman Conquest. As far as we can tell from the scanty textual remains ofthese languages, most were independent branches ofIE, and not part of a sub-group. Lusitanian is one example of such a ...
... Latin and its descendants following the Roman Conquest. As far as we can tell from the scanty textual remains ofthese languages, most were independent branches ofIE, and not part of a sub-group. Lusitanian is one example of such a ...
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... Latin and Greek and their descendants. The spread of these languages, and of the other large sub-groups, is not surprising. Most of the area where 8 indo-european linguistics. Western Eastern Iran / Central Date Northern Europe ...
... Latin and Greek and their descendants. The spread of these languages, and of the other large sub-groups, is not surprising. Most of the area where 8 indo-european linguistics. Western Eastern Iran / Central Date Northern Europe ...
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Common terms and phrases
ablaut accent accusative active alternative Anatolian aorist appears Armenian assumed attested Avestan branches clauses collective comparative comparison conjugation consonants construction correspondence daughter declension derived discussed distinction earlier early element endings English evidence example existence explain fact feminine first formations forms function further genitive Germanic give given Gothic Greek Hittite IE languages indicative Indo-Iranian Irish laryngeals later Latin lexical linguistic Lithuanian lost marked marker meaning middle morphological neuter nominative Nostratic Note nouns original paradigm parent particle particular patterns perfect person plural position possible present pronoun questions recent reconstructed refer relative replaced root s/he Sanskrit scholars seen semantic sentence separate share similar singular stage stem stop structure studies sub-group suffix taken tense texts thematic theory third Tocharian tree Vedic Sanskrit verb verbal voiced vowel word
Popular passages
Page 2 - The Sanscrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either; yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs, and in the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong, indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists.
Page 181 - If I stay here and fight beside the city of the Trojans, My return home is gone, but my glory shall be everlasting; But if I return home to the beloved land of my fathers, The excellence of my glory is gone, but there will be a long life Left for me, and my end in death will not come to me quickly.
Page 181 - For my mother Thetis the goddess of the silver feet tells me I carry two sorts of destiny toward the day of my death. Either, if I stay here and fight beside the city of the Trojans, my return home is gone, but my glory shall be everlasting; but if I return home to the beloved land of my fathers the excellence of my glory is gone, but there will be a long life left for me, and my end in death will not come to me quickly.
Page 90 - Greek, there were five cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and vocative), three numbers (singular, dual and plural), and three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter).
Page 130 - In the rest of this chapter, we shall examine some of the features reconstructed in the Greco- Aryan model in more detail, in light of the Anatolian material.
Page 76 - Greek show that the accent was on the root in the singular and on the ending in the plural in the present active forms.
Page 170 - But if this is the case, how are we to explain the minimal change in Paul's eschatology in the ten-year interval between I Thessalonians and I Corinthians (...)?" (S. 316). Ich hoffe gezeigt zu haben, daß „a maximal change" vorliegt, und vermute, Bairds Urteil beruht auf einer ungenauen Exegese von IThess 4,13ff (so S.
Page 173 - Klein (1990: 90) on the grounds that it is 'virtually unfalsifiable' : 'given the possibility of the generalization of one form or the other in any given dialect, the argument remains forever impervious to the objection that a given dialect (say, Indo-Iranian, Italic or Anatolian) shows only one relative pronoun and gives no evidence of having ever had the other'.