Environmental Bioremediation Technologies

S.N. Singh, R. D. Tripathi

Springer Science & Business Media, Feb 5, 2007 - Science - 520 pages

Environmental contamination from both natural and anthropogenic sources is, today, a major environmental concern due to pervasiveness and persistence of many toxicants. It is considered as an inevitable evil of our progress and modernization. To decontaminate the soils, sediments and waters, polluted by anthropogenic activities, the scientists and technologists have evolved different technologies over the years. Although we have to pay high cost for physical and chemical environmental technologies, but they are not eco-friendly and safe. Hence, it was deeply realized to develop viable technologies employing microbes and plants to remediate not only metallic residues and radionuclides, but also the xenobiotic compounds like PCBs, PAHs, PCPs, petroleum sludge and the military wastes. No doubt, the scientists have also got some success in this endeavour and as the result, many companies are in place today to promote the sale of plant or microbe-based technologies to deal with specific environmental contamination challenges. Besides, these technologies are se- driven and do not disturb the sites in cleaning process.

Contents

• Metal Inhibition of Biodegradation: 19
• Strategies to Enhance Biodegradation in Cocontaminated: 25
• New Bioremediation Technologies to Remove Heavy: 35
• Bioremediation of Soils Polluted with Hexavalent: 57
• Soil Bioremediation Strategies: 67
• Accumulation and Detoxification of Metals by Plants and Microbes: 77
• Microbial Remediation of Metalpolluted Soils: 88
• Conclusion: 94
• Role of Phytochelatins in Phytoremediation of Heavy: 101
• 6: 140
• 2: 148
• 4: 155
• 7: 173
• 6: 182
• 8: 188
• Metals in Soils: 190
• Radionuclides: 192
• Phytoextraction: 195
• Rhizofiltration: 197
• Phytostabilization: 198
• Phytovolatilization: 199
• Challenges for Phytoremediation: 201
• Companies Developing Phytoremediation: 203
• Regulatory Acceptance and Public Acceptance: 204
• Nanotechnology for Bioremediation of Heavy Metals: 211
• Unique Properties of Nanoparticles: 212
• Instrumentation for Nanotechnology: 213
• Application and Current Status of Nanotechnology: 214
• Current Strategies for Metal Remediation: 215
• Case Studies: 217
• Magnetotactic Bacteria: 218
• Future Prospects: 219
• Biotechnological Approaches to Improve Phytoremediation Efficiency for Environment Contaminants 223: 222
• The Processes Potentials and Limitations: 226
• Commercial Viability of Phytoremediation Projects: 233
• Rhizosphere Manipulations for Enhanced Bioavailability of the Toxic Substances: 234
• Molecular Mechanisms of Uptake Detoxification Transport and Accumulation of Toxic Substances by Plants and Genetic: 238
• Conclusion: 249
• Aquatic Plants for Phytotechnology: 259
• Conclusion: 273
• Phytomonitoring of Air Pollutants for Environmental: 275
• Plants as Bioindicators of Air Pollutants: 279
• Phytoremediation and Urban Air Quality Management: 283
• Phytoremediation and Indoor Air Quality IAQ: 285
• Conclusion: 287
• A Review: 293
• Phytotoxicity of Air Pollutants: 295
• Absorption and Assimilation of Pollutants: 297
• Phytofiltration of Particulate Matter: 299
• Plant Tolerance to Ambient Pollutants: 301
• Factors Controlling Plant Tolerance: 302
• A Case Study: 304
• Conclusion: 309
• Role of Plants in Contaminated Site: 315
• Plant Species Involved in Phytoremediation: 316
• The Biophysical and Biochemical: 317
• The Vetiver Grass Technology VGT: 320
• Role of VGT in Environmental Management: 323
• Stabilization and Rehabilitation of Mining Overburdens: 324
• Leachate Retention and: 326
• Removal of Nutrients and Heavy Metals and Prevention of: 327
• Wastewater Storm water Treatment by VGT in Constructed: 328
• Conclusion: 329
• The Role of Macrophytes in Nutrient Removal using: 331
• Role of Macrophytes in Nutrient Removal: 339
• Conclusion: 348
• Nitrate Pollution and its Remediation: 353
• Methods for Estimation of Nitrate Pollution: 354
• Sources of Nitrate Pollution: 356
• Landscape Physiology Affecting Nitrate Flux: 361
• Role of Nitrifying and Denitrifying Microbes in Nitrate: 362
• Nitrate Assimilation by Plants: 364
• Biological Toxicity Due to Nitrate Pollution: 368
• Problem Areas for Nitrate Pollution: 369
• Management Options for Nitrate: 372
• Conclusion: 378
• Bioremediation of Petroleum Sludge using Bacterial 391: 390
• Methods: 392
• Results and Discussion: 395
• Conclusion: 407
• Diversity Biodegradation and Bioremediation of: 409
• Natural Sources of PAHs in the Environment: 410
• Anthropogenic Sources of PAHs in the Environment: 411
• Bioremediation Studies: 421
• Diversity of PAHs Degrading Bacteria: 424
• Diversity of PAHs Metabolic Genes: 426
• Conclusion: 431
• Environmental Applications of Fungal and Plant: 445
• Textile Dyes Decolourisation by Fungi and their Enzymes: 455
• Treatment of PCP 465: 464
• Conclusion: 475
• Kojouharov Hristo V Department of Mathematics University of Texas: 481
• The Physical System: 482
• Numerical Solution Techniques: 488
• Simulations: 497
• Conclusion: 508

Bibliographic information

• Title: Environmental Bioremediation Technologies; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth and Environmental Science (R0)
• Editors: S.N. Singh, R. D. Tripathi
• Edition: illustrated
• Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media, 2007
• ISBN: 3540347933, 9783540347934
• Length: 520 pages
• Subjects: Science / Biotechnology; Science / Earth Sciences / General; Science / Earth Sciences / Geology; Science / Life Sciences / Genetics & Genomics; Technology & Engineering / Agriculture / General; Technology & Engineering / Environmental / General; Technology & Engineering / Environmental / Waste Management