An Ecological Study of Buckeye Lake: A Contribution to the Phytogeography of Ohio |
Common terms and phrases
Acer rubrum association belt berry Island Bidens cernua bog Island bog-meadow border Brachythecium plumosum Buckeye Lake Carex Castalia clumps cove covered Cran Cranberry Island Decodon verticillatus east side Echinochloa walteri embankment feet wide fixed aquatics forest zone forms Gaylussacia grow herbs Hibiscus moscheutos Honey Creek Impatiens biflora inches Lemna trisulca levee Licking Lieb's Island lobe of Cranberry margin marsh zone meadow mud flat Muhl Nelumbo lutea north of Cranberry north shore Nymphaea advena occidentalis Ohio Orchard Island Oxycoccus palustris Peltandra virginica plants Polygonum emersum portion Potamogeton Potamogeton lonchites reservoir Rhus Rosa carolina Ruderal Salix nigra Sambucus canadensis Scirpus fluviatilis Scirpus lacustris Secondary species sedges seedlings shallow water shore of lake shrub shrub zone side of Cranberry small pools southeast southern lobe Sphagnum surface swamp thicket thru tion transect trees Triadenum virginicum Typha latifolia Ulmus americana vegetation water level water's edge widely distributed wooded
Popular passages
Page 77 - Nelumbo lutea The pond association along the north shore is represented only by a Nelumbo lutea society. A small bed of Nelumbo lutea borders the Scirpus lacustris society to the north-northeast. The leaves are but few and widely scattered. Fifteen feet east of the belt is a public dock, four feet wide and extending 78 feet out into the water, and 54 feet up onto the shore. The marsh zones are not formed immediately on either side of the dock. On the upper portion of the beach close to the dock,...
Page 8 - A formation may then be defined as a community of species, all belonging to definite growth forms, which have become associated together by definite external (climatic or edaphic) characters of the habitat to which they are adapted. Consequently, so long as the external conditions remain the same, or nearly so, a formation appears with a certain determined uniformity and physiognomy, even in different parts of the world, and even when the constituent species are very different and possibly belong...
Page 72 - Roripa palustre seedlings. Riccia sp. Hibiscus moscheutos seedlings. Spirodela polyrhyza. Polygonum emersum seedlings. Brachythecium rivulare. Society 4 occupies a narrow zone less than 3 feet in width. The Typha is larger and more vigorous than in 3, but not fruiting; Polygonum emersum is still conspicuous but not nearly so much as in the preceding zone, while the Nelumbo lutea has entirely disappeared and Bidens cernua, represented by a few large vigorous plants, has come in. There are but a few...
Page 74 - ... rejuvenated area clothed with young forest trees, among which Ulmus americana predominates ; fully nine-tenths of the trees are of this species. This is a part of the area which was cleared sixteen years ago ; but the forest has again invaded it and become established. The ground slopes gently downward toward the southeast and more abruptly toward the northwest. The elevation of the highest portion is not more than 4 or 5 feet above the standard water level. The gentle slope and the thin shade...
Page 75 - Xanthium canadense Hedeoma pulegioides Rosa Carolina Echinochloa walteri The society forms a narrow, interrupted border not more than four feet wide, of mature fruiting but not tall Hibiscus moscheutos. Of the secondary species the Hypericum is quite abundant at the outer margin of the eastern portion of the zone. The other species are very sparse, of the Xanthium and Rosa there is but a single plant. 9. Polygonum-Scirpus society...
Page 74 - Hibiscus-Typha zone ; and about 40 feet still farther west, is a group of 15-18 feet tall Cephalanthus occidentalis which extends through the Hibiscus zone to the water's edge. Just east of the eastern margin of the transect is another group of Cornus with Sambucus canadensis. The swamp-shrub association does not exhibit lateral zonation, but alternations as it consists of isolated shrub societies of which Cornus stolonifera is the principal species in one and Cephalanthus occidentalis in another....
Page 71 - Polygonum-Nelumbo-Typha society. A zone composed of societies from the I and II associations. Principal species : Polygonum emersum Nelumbo lutea Typha latifolia Secondary species : Spirodela polyrhyza Lemna trisulca Cladophora sp. Ceratophyllum demersum The secondary species, which are normally floating plants, are stranded on the mud and form but a thin covering. The society covers a narrow lens-shaped area not more than 3 feet in its broadest portion. At the normal water level the surface is submerged,...
Page 71 - Sium cicutaefolium Spirodela polyrhyza This society forms a dense zone 60 feet broad, and extends from water 8 inches deep to wholly emersed surface. Thirtyfive feet of the zone covers a mud flat which is submerged at the normal water level. The Polygonum has advanced into the Nelumbo. Towards the inner margin the Nelumbo is 2 feet tall and fruiting freely. A short distance west of the belt studied, the Polygonum has entirely outdistanced the Nelumbo, replacing society i with a Polygonum zone external...
Page 71 - Polygonum-Nelumbo zone. Of the secondary species, Brachythecium plumosum is the most abundant, especially on the exposed mud surface, quite large patches of which are covered by a pure growth of the moss. The Riccia is also a conspicuous member of the ground cover. The herbs are very sparse. Towards the west of the median line of the belt is, 3. A Polygonum-Nelumbo-Typha society.
Page 76 - Alisma plantago growing close together illustrates strikingly the submerged and emcrscd stages of the society and the rapidity with which a new habitat is adopted by plants. That the ground has been recently exposed is evidenced by the fresh masses of Cladophora. 10. Scirpus lacustris society. This is a fringing zone 40 feet wide and extending only about half way across the belt, the surface is partly emersed. There is a 20 foot wide sandy beach scantily clothed with the Scirpus. Secondary species....