Imprinting and Mobility in Young Ring-billed Gulls, Larus Delawarensis |
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Contents
Imprinting and Mobility in Young RingBilled Gulls | 195 |
V | 206 |
APPROACH RESPONSES TO CHICKS | 219 |
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addition adults aggregative appear approach responses approximately associated average behaviour billed birds black-billed gull brood mates broods cage cent chicks reared colony column compared containing days after hatching days of age described direction discriminations distance disturbance early effect eliciting emigrations evidence excursions experience experimental familiar objects feeding followed four further given group-reared groups half hatching hiding places imprinting increased indicate individual initial laboratory latency learning least less measure mew calls Michigan mobility moved movements nest normal observed obtained occurred pairs parents particular period placed possible precocial species predators preferential present study procedure proportion range reared received recognition recorded reinforcement release remained removed ring-billed gull chicks selected showed significant similar single social speaker species stages stimuli stimulus objects stops strange subsequent suggest Table test chicks typically various visual vocalizations young