Organs-on-chipsYu-suke Torisawa, Yi-Chung Tung Recent advances in microsystems technology and cell culture techniques have led to the development of organ-on-chip microdevices that produce tissue-level functionality, not possible with conventional culture models, by recapitulating natural tissue architecture and microenvironmental cues within microfluidic devices. Since the physiological microenvironments in living systems are mostly microfluidic in nature, the use of microfluidic devices facilitates engineering cellular microenvironments; the microfluidic devices allow for control of local chemical gradients and dynamic mechanical forces, which play important roles in cellular viability and function. The organ-on-chip microdevices have great potential to promote drug discovery and development, to model human physiology and disease, and to replace animal models for efficacy and toxicity testing. Recently, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been leveraged to develop organs-on-chips, which enable various types of organ models and disease models not possible with primary cells and cell lines. This Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on: (1) microdevices to mimic or control cellular microenvironment; (2) microdevices to evaluate interactions between different organ models; (3) microdevices to maintain iPS cells or iPSC-derived cells; and (4) sensors and techniques to evaluate drug efficacy or toxicity. |
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3D culture alignment amiodarone angiogenesis angiogenic angiogenic sprouting applied astrocytes barrier Biol biomimetic blood cancer spheroids cardiac 3D tissue cell culture cell line cellular channel Chen co-culture collagen concentration CrossRef cyclic developed disease drug dyn/cm2 endothelial cells Engineering evaluate fabrication FEPM Figure flow rate fluid fluorescence function hepatocytes human HUVECs hydrogel images incubated interstitial flow Lab Chip layer liver chip liver sinusoid liver-on-a-chip LLSM lung measured mechanical stimuli medium membrane metabolism metalloporphyrin method microchannel microenvironment microfluidic devices micropillar microscope microvascular network microvessels microwell molecular molecules monolayer neurons OOC systems organ-on-a-chip organoids organs-on-chips outgrowth p-EGFR paracellular paracellular transport PDMS perfusion permeability permission from Reference physical stimulations physiological platform polydimethylsiloxane protein PubMed pump Scale bar SH-SY5Y cell shear stress stem cells strain gauges TEER tensile test transport transwells tumor vacuum hole vacuum pressure vascular vasculogenesis vessel vitro vivo voltage z-stack