How ENTERPRISE VALUE IS MEASURED: A New Framework for Measuring and Evaluating Enterprise Value in the Age of AI-Making Future Value Visible to Improve Management and Investment Decisions

Front Cover
VURA Capital Innovation Holdings, Aug 4, 2026 - Business & Economics - 248 pages

AI Management Library – Volume VII

Measuring Enterprise Value

What determines the value of an enterprise?

Does enterprise value increase simply because revenue grows?

Does higher profit automatically create greater enterprise value?

Do metrics such as PBR and ROIC truly capture what makes a company valuable?

In the Age of AI, the very sources of enterprise value are changing.

Intangible assets.

Brand.

Trust.

People.

Innovation.

And society's expectations for the future.

Today, the most important drivers of competitive advantage often cannot be explained by financial metrics alone.

This book provides a systematic framework for understanding and measuring enterprise value in the Age of AI.

Redefining Enterprise Value for the Age of AI

The AI Management Library is a comprehensive ten-volume series consisting of 100 chapters and approximately one million words, designed to establish a systematic body of management knowledge for the Age of AI.

In this volume, enterprise value is reexamined through the lens of Future Value Theory.

Enterprise value is more than a financial outcome.

It is shaped by the interaction of future expectations, brand, trust, human capital, innovation, and many other intangible factors.

This book integrates these elements into a unified theoretical framework and presents a new perspective on enterprise value for the Age of AI.

What You Will Learn

This volume explores ten essential topics for understanding enterprise value.


What is enterprise value?

What is enterprise value in the Age of AI?

Why are revenue and enterprise value different?

Why can't profit alone explain enterprise value?

What is Price-to-Book Ratio (PBR)?

What is Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)?

What is brand value?

Can trust become enterprise value?

Can innovation become enterprise value?

Can people become enterprise value?

Each chapter follows a consistent structure:


Why is this question important?

What are the limitations of conventional thinking?

How does Future Value Theory redefine the issue?

How can these ideas be applied in business practice?

What decisions should leaders make?

The book bridges theory and practice, helping readers understand not only how enterprise value is measured, but also how it is created.

A New Perspective on Enterprise Value

This book proposes that enterprise value should not be viewed merely as the result of financial performance.

Instead, it should be understood as:

Society's expectation of an enterprise's ability to continuously create future value.

To explain this perspective, the book examines the major drivers of enterprise value, including:


Revenue

Profit

Price-to-Book Ratio (PBR)

Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)

Brand

Trust

Innovation

People

It explains how each contributes to enterprise value and how these elements interact within a broader framework of future value creation.

In the Age of AI, enterprise value cannot be understood only through what can be measured.

This book challenges a more fundamental question:

What should we measure in the first place?

Who Should Read This Book?

This book is intended for:


CEOs and business leaders

CFOs, corporate strategy professionals, and investor relations executives

Investors, private equity professionals, venture capitalists, and finance professionals

Management consultants

MBA students, researchers, and academics

Professionals responsible for enhancing enterprise value

Anyone interested in enterprise valuation in the Age of AI

About the AI Management Library

The AI Management Library is a ten-volume series that provides a comprehensive framework for management in the Age of AI.

Volume I – What Is Management in the Age of AI?

Volume II – Organizations and People in the Age of AI

Volume III – Future Value Theory

Volume IV – Practicing Future Value

Volume V – What Is Enterprise Redefinition?

Volume VI – Practicing Enterprise Redefinition

Volume VII – Measuring Enterprise Value

Volume VIII – Capital Strategy in the Age of AI

Volume IX – How Global Enterprises Redefined Themselves

Volume X – The Companies That Created Industries—and What Existing Enterprises Must Learn

In the Age of AI, what we choose to measure shapes how we manage.

This book introduces a new framework for understanding enterprise value—one that goes beyond traditional financial metrics and helps leaders create sustainable future value in a rapidly changing world.

 

Selected pages

Contents

Value
Chapter 069 Does Innovation Become Enterprise Value?
Chapter 070 Do People Become Enterprise Value?
Afterword to Volume VII
Appendix A The Hundred Chapters

Common terms and phrases

About the author (2026)

Naoki Kadowaki is the Founder & CEO of VURA Capital Innovation Holdings Inc.

After graduating from the Faculty of Engineering at Kyoto University, he began his career as an engineer at the Sony Group. He later spent nearly twenty years at IBM, including an assignment in New York, where he served as a Partner leading AI, digital transformation, and new business creation initiatives. He subsequently became President & CEO of a private equity portfolio company, driving enterprise transformation. Today, he integrates investment, management, and technology to enhance enterprise value and create future value.

He is also a Visiting Lecturer at the Keio University Graduate School of Business Administration (MBA) and a member of the Japan Association of Corporate Executives (Keizai Doyukai).

As artificial intelligence rapidly democratizes knowledge, analysis, and execution, the foundations of competitive advantage are fundamentally changing. In response to this transformation, Kadowaki proposed Future Value Theory, a new management framework for the Age of AI.

Future Value Theory begins with the premise that future value is society's shared expectation of the future. It provides a systematic framework for sustainable value creation based on five core elements: Purpose, Capability, Capital, Ecosystem, and Continuity.

He also proposed Enterprise Redefinition, a transformation framework for the Age of AI. It argues that sustainable enterprise value is created through the continuous redefinition of five dimensions: Purpose, Business, Organization, Capital, and Leadership.

In addition, he leads the AI Management Library, a global publishing initiative that systematizes management knowledge for the Age of AI. Centered on Future Value Theory and Enterprise Redefinition, the series explores management strategy, organization, capital, enterprise value, innovation, leadership, and other critical topics for AI-era management. The AI Management Library is published in both Japanese and English for a global audience.

He is the author of Future Value Theory, Enterprise Redefinition, Future Value Theory Q&A, 100 Questions for Management in the Age of AI, and other titles in the AI Management Library series.

His mission is to increase the number of enterprises and leaders capable of creating future value, thereby contributing to the sustainable advancement of humanity through research, writing, education, speaking, investing, and business leadership.

Bibliographic information