Physical Chemistry of Iron and Steel ManufactureKathy, Ruth and Tommy were pupils at Hailsham - an idyllic establishment situated deep in the English countryside. The children there were tenderly sheltered from the outside world, brought up to believe they were special, and that their personal welfare was crucial. |
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acid activity coefficient alumina Amer amount anions atmosphere atoms basic oxides bath binary blast furnace bond bubbles cal mol-1 calcium calculated carbon boil carbon content carbon monoxide cation charge CHIPMAN chromium coke component concentration decreases deoxidisers diffusion dilute effect elements Engrs enthalpy entropy equation equilibrium constant experimental ferrous oxide Figure formation hearth heat Henry's law hydrogen ibid ideal increased Inst ionic iron oxides Iron St layer lime liquid iron lowered manganese oxide melts mixing mixture mole fraction nitrogen obtained open-hearth open-hearth process oxidised oxygen content oxygen ions oxygen potential partial molar partial pressure phosphorus pure raised range Raoult's law rapidly ratio reaction rate reduction refining relation saturated silica silicon sinter SiO2 slag slag and metal slag-metal interface solid solubility solution steel steel-making surface temperature ternary system thermal thermodynamic titanium Trans transfer viscosity weight-per cent whilst wüstite