Botanical Dietary Supplements:This volume provides reviews and details of the quality, safety and efficacy for some of the top-selling botanicals worldwide, including black cohosh, chamomile, comfrey, echinacea, garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, kava, milk thistle, St John's wort and valerian. The work was written based on a systematic review of the scientific literature from 1975-2000.;Each review includes a brief introduction, a section on quality including a definition of the crude drug, geographical distribution, and a listing of the major chemical constituents. The safety and efficacy sections summarize the medical uses, pharmacology, contraindications, warnings, precautions, adverse reactions, dose and dosage forms. The safety and efficacy sections were written for a busy health-care professional, and should enable one to ascertain which clinical uses are supported by clinical data, without having to read through all the pharmacology. Each chapter is fully referenced, enabling the reader to access further information when necessary. |
Contents
Introduction to the Botanical Market | 1 |
The Regulatory Status of Botanical Dietary Supplements | 7 |
Standardization of Botanicals and Botanical Products | 17 |
Black Cohosh | 27 |
Chaparral | 35 |
Comfrey | 41 |
Cranberry | 47 |
Echinacea | 55 |
Germander | 125 |
Ginger | 129 |
Ginkgo biloba | 139 |
Horse Chestnut | 159 |
Kava | 169 |
Milk Thistle | 181 |
Nettle | 197 |
Panax ginseng | 207 |
Ephedra | 67 |
Evening Primrose Oil | 75 |
Feverfew | 87 |
Garlic | 97 |
German Chamomile | 115 |
Siberian Ginseng | 225 |
Saw Palmetto | 233 |
St Johns Wort | 245 |
Valerian | 263 |
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activity adverse reactions aescin allicin aqueous assessed the effects assessed the efficacy black cohosh blood botanical cells chaparral chemical constituents cholesterol chronic Clin clinical trial assessed clinical trials comfrey controlled clinical trials cranberry juice daily decrease dietary supplements disease dosage dose double-blind dried effect of garlic Ephedra ephedrine ethanol ethanol extract feverfew garlic extract German chamomile germander ginger Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo biloba extract ginkgolide ginseng extract ginsenosides healthy hepatitis hepatotoxicity herbal medicines horse chestnut seed hypericin increase induced ingestion inhibited Intragastric administration John's wort kava kava pyrones lipid liver mg/day mg/kg mice observed oral administration Panax ginseng patients treated Pharmacol placebo placebo-controlled clinical trial plasma platelet platelet aggregation preparations primrose oil prostate randomized rats receptors reduced reported rhizome safety and efficacy saw palmetto seed oil serum significant silybin silymarin standardized extract symptomatic treatment symptoms therapeutic therapy toxicity urinary valerian vitro vivo weeks µg/ml