Poverty in Poland, Hungary, and Yugoslavia in the Years of Crisis, 1978-87 |
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1990 World Development 20 percent agricultural August average wage Background paper capita consumption capita income Central Statistical Office changes in poverty Comparison composition of poverty declining incomes different social groups domestic demand Eastern Europe economic crisis elasticity farmers and pensioners fixed investment Gini coefficient Gomulka Gross Domestic Product growth rate Hungarian Hungary and Yugoslavia impact incidence of poverty income distribution Income effect income of workers increase in poverty increased from less macroeconomic minima mixed households non-agricultural households OECD official poverty lines percent in Poland percent in Yugoslavia percent p.a. percentage point period Poland and Yugoslavia Polish poverty incidence poverty rates Purchasing Power Parities real incomes real pensions real per capita Real wages redistribution respect to income social minimum socialist economies socialized sector standard of living subperiod subsistence minimum Table three countries total population types of households unemployment urban population West Germany white-collar workers World Bank World Development Report