Principles of Radar and Sonar Signal Processing

Chevalier François Le

Artech House, 2002

Contents

• Radar and Sonar: 1
• 12 Introduction: 2
• 13 The Active Radar or Sonar Signal: 4
• 14 Physical Interpretation: 8
• 15 Passive Listening: 10
• Optimum Reception in White Noise: 13
• 22 Principle: 17
• 221 Estimation of a Parameter: 18
• 222 Simultaneous Estimation of Several Parameters: 19
• 223 Optimum Detection: 20
• 23 Optimum Receiver: 22
• 232 Optimum Detector: 25
• The Ambiguity Function: 28
• 234 Detection Performance: 31
• 235 Conclusion: 34
• References: 36
• Application to Radar: 39
• 32 DopplerRange Ambiguity: 45
• Time Duration Frequency and Bandwidth Modulation: 46
• 322 Measurement of the Time Delay or of the Frequency of Signal: 48
• 323 Simultaneous Measurement of the Time Delay and the Doppler Shift: 50
• 324 DopplerRange Ambiguity Function: 53
• 33 Examples of DopplerRange Ambiguity Functions: 54
• 331 Gaussian Pulse: 55
• 332 Pulse with Linear Frequency Modulation Chirp: 56
• 333 Pulse Compression: 59
• 334 Encoded Pulse Sequence: 60
• 335 Pulse Train: 62
• 336 Reception of a Pulse Train: 66
• 337 Range and Velocity Ambiguities: 69
• 338 Constant False Alarm Rate Detection: 70
• Synthetic Aperture Radar: 72
• 35 Angular Location: 77
• 351 AngleRangeDoppler Optimum Receiver: 78
• Sum Channel Difference Channel: 82
• 353 Radar AngleError Detection: 87
• 354 Comments: 89
• 36 Implementation: 90
• 362 Functional Design: 92
• 364 Hardware and Software Development: 93
• 37 Systematic Signal Processing: 94
• References: 95
• Relation Between the Duration and Bandwidth of a Signal: 96
• Radar Range Equation: 97
• 3B2 SignaltoNoise Ratio: 98
• 3B3 Performance: 100
• Spectral Purity: 101
• 3C1 Phase and Amplitude Noise: 102
• Pulse Radar with High Repetition Frequency: 105
• 3C4 Application: 106
• Optimum Reception in Colored Noise: 107
• 42 Introduction: 109
• 43 Receiver Structure: 110
• 432 Reception by Subtraction of the Colored Part of the Noise: 114
• 44 Application to Spurious Echoes or Jammers: 115
• 45 Stationary Colored Noise and Infinite Observation Time: 118
• 451 Whitening: 119
• 452 Subtraction of the Colored Part of the Noise: 120
• 453 Optimum Processing Gain: 122
• 46 Discussion: 123
• KarhunenLoeve Expansion: 124
• 4A2 Properties of the Integral Equation: 126
• Estimation of a Random Signal in the Presence of White NoiseWienerHopf Equation: 129
• Adaptive Processing: 133
• 52 Introduction: 139
• 532 Adaptive Filtering Using a Transversal Filter: 144
• 533 Convergence: 148
• 534 Application: 150
• 54 Adaptive Whitening: 152
• 542 Adaptive Whitening by Lattice Filter: 157
• 55 Sensor Arrays: 160
• 552 Application to Jammer Cancellation: 163
• 553 Adaptive Digital Beamforming with NoiseOnly Reference: 169
• 554 Processing Without NoiseOnly Reference: 170
• 555 Radar AngleError Measurement in the Presence of External Interference: 172
• 556 Capons Adaptive Processing by Constrained Minimization: 174
• SpaceTime Processing: 177
• 558 Equivalence Between Adaptive Suppression and Constrained Minimization: 180
• 559 Calibration 7 8 9: 181
• 5510 Coherent Targets: 186
• 5511 Sidelobe Blanking: 189
• 56 Discussion: 190
• 57 Passive Listening: 191
• 572 Maximum Likelihood Signal + Noise: 193
• MUSIC: 194
• 574 Comparison: 197
• 575 Generalized Correlation 22: 200
• 576 Discussion: 202
• References: 204
• Matrix Inversion Lemma: 205
• Target and Background Signatures: 207
• 62 Radar or Sonar Reflection: 212
• 621 Polarization 13: 213
• 622 RCS: 217
• 623 Simple Examples: 219
• 624 Sonar Reflection 5: 223
• 63 Modeling of Nondeformable Targets: 224
• Radar Holography 12: 242
• 633 Stochastic Models 13: 248
• 634 Conclusion: 252
• Impulse Response and Transverse Response: 253
• 64 Deformable Targets: 258
• 642 Jet Engine Signatures: 260
• 643 Vehicle Signatures: 261
• 65 Background Signatures: 263
• Clutter: 264
• 652 Multiple Paths: 269
• 653 Propagation: 272
• 66 Passive Listening: 273
• References: 275
• A Multifrequency Ground Clutter Model: 277
• 6A2 ThreeComponent Ground Clutter Spectrum: 278
• Signature Adapted Processing: 283
• 711 Radar Target Recognition: 284
• 712 Tracking of Extended Targets: 286
• 714 LowFrequency Radars: 288
• 716 Passive Systems: 289
• 72 Radar Target Recognition: 290
• 723 Automatic Classification of Targets: 292
• 73 Extended Target Tracking: 306
• 732 Glint Modeling: 315
• 733 Antiglint Processing: 317
• 74 Target Extraction from Clutter: 319
• 741 Use of Frequency Agility After Detection: 320
• 742 Use of Polarimetry 17: 323
• 743 Ambiguous Airborne Radars: 330
• 744 Airborne Detection of Slow Moving Targets 23 24: 337
• 751 Scope: 347
• 753 Propagation 30: 353
• 754 Clutter and Interference: 358
• 755 Target Recognition: 359
• 756 System Aspects: 362
• 76 Wideband Radars: 365
• 761 Wideband and UltraWideband Radars 6 34 35: 366
• 762 Wideband Radar Processing: 368
• 77 Periodic Signal Passive Listening: 371
• References: 375
• Variance of a Rayleigh Variable at the Output of a Logarithmic Amplifier: 377
• Probability Density of the Instantaneous Frequency of a Gaussian Random Process: 378
• About the Author: 381
• Index: 383

Bibliographic information

• Title: Principles of Radar and Sonar Signal Processing
• Author: Chevalier François Le
• Publisher: Artech House, 2002
• ISBN: 1608071359, 9781608071357