The Kidney and Body Fluids in Health and DiseaseSaulo Klahr This volume was designed as a text for medical students, house officers, and even clinicians. It deals with the most common problems in nephrology, providing new insight into how to improve clinical skills. A comprehensive overview of renal physiology and electrolyte disorders lays the groundwork for a clear presentation of the pathophysiological principles that underlie these disorders and a step-by-step presentation of the mechanisms behind the signs and symptoms of kidney failure. The origins of this book can be traced to the teaching of a Renal Pathophysiology course at the Washington University School of Medicine, beginning in the mid-1960s. When changes in the medical school curriculum took place in the early 1970s, an effort was made to synthesize the minimum core curriculum for sophomore medical students, and the distillation of "essential material" to be covered in the area of renal pathophysiology led to the development of the first edition of a renal syllabus. This syllabus has been used in our department since 1974, and, following some of the recommendations and critiques of students and faculty, it has been entirely reworked many times to improve its effectiveness and value. This book is a direct extension of that syllabus, integrated with contri butions from faculty members in our Renal Division, and expanded to include a section on therapy in most chapters. It is our hope that this format will serve the needs of not only sophomore and senior medical students, but also house officers, nephrology fellows, and clinicians. |
Contents
Basic Concepts of Fluid Electrolyte and Renal Physiology | 1 |
Balance of Water and Electrolytes | 9 |
Membrane Transport Processes Luis Reuss | 21 |
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absorption acid acidosis action activity addition administration aldosterone alkalosis alterations amount angiotensin appears arterial associated balance bicarbonate blood blood pressure body bone calcium capillary cause cells changes Chapter chronic clinical complex concentration consequence decrease deposits develop difference disease disorders distal diuretics drugs ECF volume edema effects elevated excess excretion extracellular factors fall Figure filtered filtration flow fluid function given glomerular glomerulonephritis glucose hormone hypercalcemia hypertension hyponatremia impaired important increased intake interstitial kidney lead less levels load loop loss magnesium major mechanisms membrane mEq/liter metabolic nephron normal occur osmolality osmotic parathyroid patients permeability phosphate plasma potassium potential present pressure primary produced protein proteinuria proximal reabsorption reduced release renin response result role salt secondary secretion seen segment serum severe sodium solute space stimulation studies syndrome Table therapy tissue transport treatment tubular tubule urinary urine usually vascular vitamin volume