The WTO and India's Pharmaceuticals Industry: Patent Protection, TRIPS, and Developing CountriesThe establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995 brought about significant changes in international economic relations between countries. To comply with the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement of the WTO, India introduced product patent protection in pharmaceuticals from January 2005. TRIPS has generated a huge controversy in India and abroad. India has emerged as a major source of low-cost, quality drugs for the entire world and thus plays an important role. While there are a large number of pharmaceutical manufacturers in the world, only a handful of multinationals dominate the industry. By using patent rights, multinational companies prevented developing countries like India from realizing their potential of industrial growth and drug prices were among the highest in the world. |
Contents
National Patents Industrial Policy | 15 |
Patent Regime and Role of MNCs in | 118 |
TRIPS and RD for Neglected Diseases | 153 |
Copyright | |
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accessed amended ANDA Annual Report applications approval ARVs basic brand bulk drugs CDRI cent Chapter Chemicals Chronicle Pharmabiz Cipla ciprofloxacin clinical trials Committee competition compulsory licences cost CSIR Delhi developing countries differential pricing discussed DMFs Doha Declaration DPCO Dr Reddy's Laboratories drug development Drug Price Control drug production Drugs and Pharmaceuticals essential drugs example expenditure exports filed foreign formulations market GlaxoSmithKline Glenmark global grant ibuprofen IDMA important Indian companies indigenous firms indigenous sector industry in India initiated innovator Intellectual Property Laboratories Ltd large number largest lower prices mark-ups medicines ment million MNCs Mumbai Nicholas Piramal Novartis NPPA ORG-MARG outsourcing Oxfam patent law patented drugs Patents Act Pfizer Pharma pharmaceutical companies plant Policy price control product patent protection product patent regime public health Ranbaxy Ranbaxy Laboratories ranitidine Reddy's Laboratories retail selling Table trade TRIPS unregulated markets Wockhardt