The Problems of PhilosophyThe Problems of Philosophy is a 1912 book by Bertrand Russell, in which Russell attempts to create a brief and accessible guide to the problems of philosophy. Focusing on problems he believes will provoke positive and constructive discussion, Russell concentrates on knowledge rather than metaphysics: If it is uncertain that external objects exist, how can we then have knowledge of them but by probability. There is no reason to doubt the existence of external objects simply because of sense data.Russell guides the reader through his famous 1910 distinction between "knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description" and introduces important theories of Plato, Aristotle, René Descartes, David Hume, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and others to lay the foundation for philosophical inquiry by general readers and scholars alike. |
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actual answer appears argument assert become belief is true Berkeley Bismarck called certainty chapter coherence colour connexion consider constitute corresponding deduced definite derivative knowledge Descartes Desdemona loves Cassio difficult doubt empirical evidence example exist experience fact false feel German Empire Hegel Hence ideas inductive principle inference instance intuitive knowledge involved iron mask judge judgement Julius Caesar Kant kind knowledge by acquaintance knowledge by description knowledge of things knowledge of truths law of contradiction law of thought ledge Leibniz less love for Cassio matter means memory men are mortal mental merely mind mortal namely nature never ourselves particular perceive physical objects physical space Plato possible premisses priori knowledge probable opinion properties proposition prove question real table reason regard relation seems sensations sense sense-data shape so-and-so Socrates sort suppose theory thought tion universals value of philosophy wave-motion whiteness whole word