Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and VirologyWe know, down to the tiniest details, the molecular structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Yet despite this tremendous accomplishment, and despite other remarkable advances in our understanding of individual viruses and cells of the immune system, we still have no agreed understanding of the ultimate course and variability of the pathogenesis of AIDS. Gaps in our understanding like these impede our efforts towards developing effective therapies and preventive vaccines. Martin Nowak and Robert M May describe the emerging field of theoretical immunology in this accessible and well- written text. Using mathematical modelling techniques, the authors set out their ideas about how populations of viruses and populations of immune system cells may interact in various circumstances, and how infectious diseases spread within patients. They explain how this approach to understanding infectious diseases can reveal insights into the dynamics of viral and other infections, and the interactions between infectious agents and immune responses. The book is structured around the examples of HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis B virus, although the approaches described will be more widely applicable. The authors use mathematical tools to uncover the detailed dynamics of the infection and the effects of antiviral therapy. Models are developed to describe the emergence of drug resistance, and the dynamics of immune responses, viral evolution, and mutation. The practical implications of this work for optimisation of the design of therapy and vaccines are discussed. The book concludes with a glance towards the future of this fascinating, and potentially highly useful, field of study. |
Contents
viruses immunity equations 113 3 + 69 | 1 |
Dynamics of hepatitis B virus | 5 |
HIV | 10 |
The basic model of virus dynamics | 16 |
Antiviral drug therapy | 27 |
Dynamics of immune responses | 52 |
How fast do immune responses eliminate infected cells? | 69 |
What is a quasispecies? | 82 |
Simple antigenic variation | 123 |
Advanced antigenic variation | 137 |
Multiple epitopes | 149 |
Summary | 179 |
Analysis of multiple epitope dynamics | 196 |
55 | 208 |
References | 218 |
69 | 221 |
Other editions - View all
Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology Martin Nowak,Robert M. May No preview available - 2000 |
Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology Martin Nowak,Robert M. May No preview available - 2000 |
Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology Martin A. Nowak,Robert McCredie May No preview available - 2000 |
Common terms and phrases
anti-viral antibody antigenic diversity antigenic variation basic model basic reproductive ratio Biol CD4 cells converge correlation cross-reactive immune response CTL response CTL-mediated lysis cytotoxic Cytotoxic T cell decay denotes disease progression diversity threshold drug treatment epitope equations equilibrium abundance equilibrium virus load exponential fixed point free virus frequency genome half-life HIV infection human immunodeficiency virus immune responses immune system immunodominance immunogenic Immunotherapy increase infected cells infected PBMC initial lamivudine lentivirus mathematical models model of virus multiple epitope mutation rate n₁ Nowak oscillations PBMC Perelson produced protein provirus quasispecies R₁ replication rates resistant virus reverse transcriptase reverse transcriptase inhibitor saturated selective disadvantage sequence specific immune response strain-specific immune responses T-cell target cells theory therapy uninfected viral virions Virol virus dynamics virus infection virus load virus mutants virus particles virus population viruses vivo wild-type virus y-response y₁ zidovudine