Foundation of Exploration GeophysicsBased on lectures given by the author at the State University of Utrecht to students of geophysics and geology, this book provides a comprehensive treatment of the geophysical methods in common use; seismic, gravity, magnetic, electrical and radioactive methods. Emphasis is placed on the physical aspects necessary to judge the possibilities and limitations of a method in a specific case. The more comprehensive treatment of applied mathematical techniques makes the text easier to follow for those readers with a different mathematical training. Discussions include the reduction of field data, their qualitative and quantitative interpretation and, briefly, field techniques and the principles of recording instruments. Some exploration methods, such as the telluric and magnetotelluric methods, are also detailed. In the chapter on data processing Fourier transforms, convolution, correlation, the effects of digitalization and Z-transforms as the counterpart of Laplace transforms, are explained and examples given of their application on seismic signals. This book should be in every geophysics library where it would serve advanced geophysics students as a reference work. |
Contents
Kalman filters | 7 |
The propagation of waves in an isotropic elastic solid medium | 16 |
Reflection and refraction of spherical seismic waves | 64 |
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A₁ amplitude angle anomaly approximation auto-correlation B₁ becomes boundary coefficients components computed consider constant convolution corresponding curve density depth determined dipole Dirac comb direction displacement distance earth effect electrodes energy equation factor Fermat's principle filter Fourier transform frequency function geophone gives gravity group velocity H₁ horizontal impulse response incident input integral interface interval inverse layer longitudinal wave magnetic field magnetic moment mass medium method multiple normal observed obtain output P-wave P₁ path phase plane potential pulse ratio Rayleigh wave reflection reflector refraction respectively rock seismic seismogram shotpoint shown in Fig signal Snell's law spectrum Substituting surface T-X graph T₁ tensor transverse wave traveltime V₁ values vector velocity velocity-depth vertical wave front wavelet write x₁ z-transform zero Απ