The Principles of PETROLOGY: An Introduction to the Science of RocksN this book the task of summarising modern petrology I from the genetic standpoint has been attempted. The scale of the work is small as compared with the magni tude of its subject, but it is nevertheless believed that the field has been reasonably covered. In conformity with the genetic viewpoint petrology, as contrasted with petrography, has been emphasised throughout; and purely descriptive mineralogical and petrographical detail has been omitted. Every petrologist who reads this book will recognise the author's indebtedness to Dr. A. Harker and Dr. A. Holmes, among British workers; to Prof. R. A. Daly, Dr. H. S. Washington, and Dr. N. L. Bowen, among American petrologists; and to Prof. J. H. L. Vogt, Prof. V. M. Goldschmidt, Prof. A. Lacroix, and Prof. P. Niggli. among European investigators. The emphasis laid on modern views, and the relative poverty of references to the works of the older generation of petrologists, does not imply any disrespect of the latter. It is due to recognition of the desirability of affording the petrological student a newer and wider range of reading references than is usually supplied in this class of work; for refer ences tend to become stereotyped as well as text and illustrations. Furthermore it is believed that all that is good and living in the older work has been incorporated, consciously or unconsciously, in the newer. |
Contents
| 1 | |
PART I | 13 |
Reaction Structures | 39 |
CHAPTER III | 46 |
CHAPTER IV | 57 |
Fracture Structures | 100 |
Diagram Illustrating the Relationships of the GraniteDiorite | 111 |
THE DISTRIBUTION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS IN SPACE AND TIME | 132 |
CHAPTER XI | 187 |
Grade Size of Sediments | 192 |
Current Bedding | 198 |
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS DESCRIPTIVE | 203 |
Breccia | 204 |
DEPOSITS OF CHEMICAL ORIGIN | 217 |
Deoxidation Sphere | 220 |
CHAPTER XIV | 234 |
Silica Variation Diagram for the GraniteDiorite Series | 133 |
Variation Diagram of the Lavas of Jan Mayen | 140 |
Variations in Igneous RocksEvidences of Differentiation Variation | 148 |
Map Illustrating Differentiation of Carrock Fell Gabbro | 150 |
Diagram Illustrating the Effects of Gas Concentration in Batho | 164 |
PART II | 171 |
Residual Deposits in GeneralTerra RossaClaywithFlintsLaterite | 181 |
Microscopic Structures of Coal | 246 |
PART III | 251 |
PressureTemperature Diagram Illustrating Metamorphism | 264 |
Structures of Metamorphic Rocks | 271 |
Cataclastic Structures | 282 |
under thermal metamorphism | 291 |
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Common terms and phrases
abundant acid albite algæ alkali alkali-felspar aluminium amount analyses andesite anorthite aplites argillaceous augite basalt basic beds biotite calcareous calcite calcium carbonate cent character chemical chlorite classification clay coal colloidal consist cooling crust crystallisation crystals curve deposits differentiation diopside diorite dykes eutectic example felsic felspars felspathoids formation fracture fragments gabbro garnet Geol geological glass gneiss grains granite granodiorite groundmass Harker hornblende igneous rocks intrusion iron oxides Journ kindred lavas leucite limestone liquid mafic mafic minerals magma margins mass material metamorphism metasomatism mica mineral composition mineralogical molecules nepheline occur olivine organic origin orthoclase particles petrographic phenocrysts plagioclase plutonic precipitation pressure produced pyroxenes quartz reaction regions represent residual rhyolite rock types salts sand sandstones saturated Scotland sediments shale silica sills silt soluble solution spherulites structure substances surface syenite temperature term texture tion trachyte volatile constituents volcanic xenoliths