LDEF: 69 Months in Space. First Post-Retrieval Symposium, Part 1National aeronautics and space administration hampton va langley research center, 1992 - 603 pages LDEF was carried into orbit in April 1984 by the Space Shuttle Challenger. The 11-ton satellite contained 57 experiments to assess the effects of the space environment, i.e., ionizing radiation, meteoroids, cosmic dust, and high altitude atomic oxygen on materials and mechanical, electronic, optical, and living systems. In January 1990, after 69 months in low Earth orbit, LDEF was retrieved by the Space Shuttle Columbia and returned to Earth. The retrieval occurred 57 months after it was originally planned, due in part to the Challenger tragedy. The 69 months in space provided experimenters the unique opportunity to sample and measure the space environment over a longer time period than originally planned. The 57 LDEF experiments were returned to the Principal Investigators and their science teams for analyses and interpretation. In June 1991, over 400 LDEF researchers and data users met in Kissimmee, Florida for the First LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium. The papers presented contained important new information about space environments and their impact on materials, systems, and biology. |
From inside the book
Results 1-5 of 72
Page 64
... thicknesses of oxide and provide the measured ellipticity . minor axis of the spot could represent temperatures as high as 1500 K if assigned FWHM in fig . 1 . The 4. An oscillating structure and the apparent oscillation caused by an ...
... thicknesses of oxide and provide the measured ellipticity . minor axis of the spot could represent temperatures as high as 1500 K if assigned FWHM in fig . 1 . The 4. An oscillating structure and the apparent oscillation caused by an ...
Page 125
... thickness . The most obvious cycle that would result in this layering is that of the orbit . If the cycle was orbital then the majority of the film would have been deposited very early in the mission with relatively high molecular ...
... thickness . The most obvious cycle that would result in this layering is that of the orbit . If the cycle was orbital then the majority of the film would have been deposited very early in the mission with relatively high molecular ...
Page 131
... thicker films than surfaces that saw the setting sun for any given location . This is believed to be the result of the condensation / evaporation cycle of the molecular film precursor materials prior to fixing by ultraviolet light . The ...
... thicker films than surfaces that saw the setting sun for any given location . This is believed to be the result of the condensation / evaporation cycle of the molecular film precursor materials prior to fixing by ultraviolet light . The ...
Page 143
... thickness of the film . Attempts to flatten the film caused it to break . Samples of these films were collected and cross - sectioned or optically sectioned to determine their thickness . Optical sectioning is done by carefully focusing ...
... thickness of the film . Attempts to flatten the film caused it to break . Samples of these films were collected and cross - sectioned or optically sectioned to determine their thickness . Optical sectioning is done by carefully focusing ...
Page 144
... thicknesses , and the weights of silicone materials collected from some trays were used to estimate the amount of volatiles and volatile / condensable materials available on LDEF . Results for the Quantification of Particles The ...
... thicknesses , and the weights of silicone materials collected from some trays were used to estimate the amount of volatiles and volatile / condensable materials available on LDEF . Results for the Quantification of Particles The ...
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Common terms and phrases
absorbed dose activity Albedo altitude aluminum analysis angle approximately atmosphere atomic oxygen calculated canister contamination cosmic rays counts crater density deposition detector diameter distribution dose dosimetry Duration Exposure Facility Earth effects electron energy experiment trays fiber fluence flux foils g/cm² galactic galactic cosmic rays gamma gamma-ray impact craters impact features impactor induced radioactivity interplanetary IOCM ionizing radiation ions Kapton Laboratory layer LDEF experiments LDEF mission LDEF orbit LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium LDEF spacecraft LDEF surfaces LDEF's leading edge locations Long Duration Exposure longeron mass materials measurements meteoroid micrometeoroid micrometers molecular film NASA neutrons observed optical outgassing panel particles payload peak penetration Photograph PNTDs predicted radionuclides ratio residue retrieval satellite sensor shielding shuttle bay solar South Atlantic Anomaly space debris space end spacecraft spectra surface of LDEF Tapelift Teflon temperature thickness tracks trailing edge trapped proton tray clamps trunnion velocity