The Herring Gull's World: A Study of the Social Behaviour of Birds |
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adult alarm call animals attack begging begin behaviour behaviour-pattern bill bill-tip birds Black-headed Gull breeding season brooding CALIFORN CHAPTER chicks club colony colour Common Gull copulation courtship defence developed displacement activities distance drive dummies dunes eggs experiments fact feathers feeding female female's fighting urge function Glaucous Gull Goethe grass-pulling ground Gull's gullery head head-tossing Iceland Gull incubating bird incubation individuals influence innate instance instinct intensity intention movements interesting intruders Lapwings Laughing Gull Lesser Black-backed Gull male male's mate mew call neck nest nest-building normal observed occasionally once paddling pair parent pattern peck Plate plumage Portielje possible predators preening prey problem react reaction recognise red patch released reproductive responses ritualised Rüppell scraping seems seen sexual sign stimuli sitting situation species stickleback stranger stretched terns territory Terschelling tests Three-spined Stickleback Tinbergen upright threat posture usually walks Wassenaar watching wings yards young