How to Know the LichensA guide for identifying lichens. |
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Page 97
... upper surface smooth to deeply wrinkled , black pycnidia common ; lower surface black at the center but usually turning mottled buff to white at the margin ; apothecia common . Cortex ... Upper cortex with reticulate white markings ...
... upper surface smooth to deeply wrinkled , black pycnidia common ; lower surface black at the center but usually turning mottled buff to white at the margin ; apothecia common . Cortex ... Upper cortex with reticulate white markings ...
Page 109
... Upper cortex with white pores ( examine lobe tips with hand lens and compare with Fig . 85 ) ...... ( p . 58 ) Parmelia rudecta 194b Upper cortex without pores , continuous or cracked . 195 195a ( 194 ) Upper cortex finely reticulately ...
... Upper cortex with white pores ( examine lobe tips with hand lens and compare with Fig . 85 ) ...... ( p . 58 ) Parmelia rudecta 194b Upper cortex without pores , continuous or cracked . 195 195a ( 194 ) Upper cortex finely reticulately ...
Page 113
... Upper surface without spotting , shiny or pruinose ; cortex K- . ............ 207 207a ( 206 ) Collected on soil or humus over rocks ; thallus brownish gray , the surface shiny . ( p . 147 ) Phaeophyscia constipata 207b Collected on ...
... Upper surface without spotting , shiny or pruinose ; cortex K- . ............ 207 207a ( 206 ) Collected on soil or humus over rocks ; thallus brownish gray , the surface shiny . ( p . 147 ) Phaeophyscia constipata 207b Collected on ...
Contents
Preface | vii |
How to Make Chemical Tests 10 | viii |
How to Collect and Study Lichens | 17 |
Copyright | |
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3-6 cm broad 8/ascus algae apothecia common apothecia lacking apothecia rare apothecia very rare branches brownish Bryoria Cetraria cilia Cladonia closely adnate cm broad cm long cm tall collected Collema conifers Cortex and medulla Cortex K+ yellow Culb dark brown deciduous deciduous trees foliose fruticose greenish mineral gray Hale Figure hand lens Heterodermia Hypotrachyna isidia K+ yellow atranorin laminal Leptogium lichen light mineral gray lobe tips lobulate loosely adnate lower surface black lower surface white medulla K medulla K+ yellow moderately rhizinate mosses North America open areas open woods P+ orange P+ red P+ red fumarprotocetraric Parmelia Parmotrema Peltigera Phaeophyscia Physcia Podetia primary squamules Pseudoparmelia pycnidia Ramalina rhizines salazinic acid shiny soil soralia soredia sparsely rhizinate species spores colorless suberect Thallus dark Thallus whitish mineral thecia tomentose tomentum trees in open Tuck Umbilicaria Upper cortex upper surface Usnea usnic acid whitish mineral gray wide Widespread Xanthoparmelia yellowish green