How to Know the LichensA guide for identifying lichens. |
Contents
Preface | vii |
How to Make Chemical Tests 10 | viii |
How to Collect and Study Lichens | 17 |
Copyright | |
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3-6 cm broad 8/ascus algae apothecia common apothecia lacking apothecia rare apothecia very rare branches brownish Bryoria Cetraria cilia Cladonia closely adnate cm broad cm long cm tall collected Collema conifers Cortex and medulla Cortex K+ yellow Culb dark brown deciduous deciduous trees foliose fruticose greenish mineral gray Hale Figure hand lens Heterodermia Hypotrachyna isidia K+ yellow atranorin laminal Leptogium lichen light mineral gray lobe tips lobulate loosely adnate lower surface black lower surface white medulla K medulla K+ yellow moderately rhizinate mosses North America open areas open woods P+ orange P+ red P+ red fumarprotocetraric Parmelia Parmotrema Peltigera Phaeophyscia Physcia Podetia primary squamules Pseudoparmelia pycnidia Ramalina rhizines salazinic acid shiny soil soralia soredia sparsely rhizinate species spores colorless suberect Thallus dark Thallus whitish mineral thecia tomentose tomentum trees in open Tuck Umbilicaria Upper cortex upper surface Usnea usnic acid whitish mineral gray wide Widespread Xanthoparmelia yellowish green