Clinical Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis: Quantitative Methods of EvaluationM. G. Bond This volume is the product of a February 1982 conference, cosponsored by the American Heart Association, the National Institutes of Health, and the Bowman Gray School of Medicine, which examined techniques for delineating quantitatively the natural history of atherosclerosis. Against the background of current pathologic and clinical knowledge of atherosclerosis, invasive and noninvasive evaluative methods now in use and under development are surveyed in depth. Correlative clinicopathologic studies of atherosclerosis pose special questions with respect to both luminal and plaque characteristics that are addressed in this volume. An old observa tion, based on the examination of arterial casts, suggested that the so-called nodose lesion of atherosclerosis may be at first flattened into the wall of a weakened, dilated artery, rather than raised into the lumen. This is now fully confirmed in vivo by ultrasonic and other imaging techniques. The morbid anatomist is challenged anew to describe lesions as they are likely to occur in vivo. To achieve closer correlation with natural conditions, perfu sion fixation of arteries under arterial pressure is becoming more widely used and has already demonstrated more valid quantita tion of the composition and configuration of lesions. While the noninvasive methods of B-mode and Doppler ultrasound are suitable only for the clinical study of superficial arteries, such as the carotid or femoral, the new and relatively noninvasive procedure of intravenous digital subtraction angio graphy can be effectively used for the examination of deep systems, such as cerebral vessels. |
Contents
Problems of Definition | 11 |
Critical Review of Current and Prospective | 37 |
Thomas F Budinger | 65 |
Copyright | |
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accumulation analysis angiograms angiography animals aorta aortic arterial disease arterial wall arteriograms arteriography assessment athero atherogenesis atheroma atheroscle atherosclerosis atherosclerotic lesions atherosclerotic plaques B-mode imaging B-mode ultrasound biochemical blood flow calcification calcium carotid bifurcation changes cholesterol Circulation clinical collagen coronary artery correlation cross sections decrease detection distal Doppler ultrasound elastin endothelial cells endothelium ester evaluation experimental fatty streaks femoral artery fibrous plaques films foam cells heart hemodynamic histologic human increased infarction injury internal carotid artery intimal investigators ischemia lipid lipoprotein lumen lumen diameter luminal macrophages measurements methods monkeys morphologic myocardial myocardial infarction myocardium noninvasive normal occlusion Pathol pathology patients perfusion peripheral platelet postmortem present pressure problems progression and regression proximal pulsed Doppler quantitative risk factors scan sensitivity significant smooth muscle cells specimens spectral studies Surgery techniques thrombosis thrombus tion tissue tomography ulceration ultrasonic variability vascular disease velocity vessel wall vivo waveform
References to this book
Assessing and Modifying the Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque Valentin Fuster No preview available - 2002 |