The Fiscal Impact of High Skilled Emigration: Flows of Indians to the United States |
Common terms and phrases
actual U.S. assumption Bhagwati Borjas Brain Drain Census characteristics counterfactual earnings distribution counterfactual income depict the estimated Desai developing countries Economic educational attainment estimated expenditure savings exchange rates Figure Fiscal Impact Estimates fiscal loss fiscal policy higher-secondary highly skilled human capital flows income tax Indian GDP Indian-born immigrants Indian-born population Indian-born residents indirect tax indirect tax revenues International IPUMS for 1990 John McHale labor market lost income lost tax lower-secondary March CPS median income migration Mincer equation Mincer Method mincer participation Mumbai native-born net fiscal loss non-citizens OECD paper participation rates percent of GDP percentage PPP conversion factor PPP estimates PPP Method provides purchasing power parity relative remittances returns to education rupees salary selection equation simulated skilled emigration skilled workers spending standard deduction Statistics Table tax losses tax revenue losses tax schedule TLBs U.S. dollars U.S. resident Indians U.S. survey participation wage welfare impact