Beyond the Four Varṇas: The Untouchables in IndiaWho were the untouchables in India? Why and when did they become so? are some of the questions the present study attempts to answer. As the sage proceeds, from the Rgveda onward, it unfold various facets of the problem faced by these people. |
Contents
ENUMERATION CONDEMNATION | 17 |
IDENTIFICATION REJECTION | 37 |
LIFE AND LIVING OF | 64 |
Copyright | |
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according Amarakośa Ambedkar animals antyaja antyavāsayin anuloma sons appears Arthaśāstra Aryas Aśoka Asuras āṭavikas authors Ayogava belonging Brāhmaṇa Brāhmaṇa Vaiśya Brahmaņas Brāhmaṇical Buddhist Calcutta caṇḍālas caṇḍālas and śvapacas caste Hindus century A.D. cows Dāsas Dasyus Delhi dogs dvijas evidence father forest forest-dwellers four varṇas Gandhi grāma hierarchy Hindu hunter ibid India Jainas Jāt Jātakas jāti Kādam kaivarta Kautilya Kikața killed king kirātas known Kosambi Kṣatriya Kṣatta later lexicons literature lived Macdonell and Keith Magadha Mahābhārata Manu Manusmrti marriages mātanga McCrindle 1973 mentioned mixed-varṇa mlechha mother mṛtapas names nāpita Nirukta niṣādas occupational groups pañca Pāṇini Paņis parentage Patañjali pratiloma sons probably pulinda Rākṣasas rathakāras Ṛgveda ritual śabara Sanskrit segregation settlement Sharma Smṛtis social groups society Śūdra Śūdra Kṣatriya Śūdra Vaiśya Śūdra varṇa supposedly Sūt Sūtra texts tion touchables traders tribes Ugra untouchables vaidehaka Vaiśya Vaiśya Brāhmaṇa Vaiśya Śūdra varna varņas Vedas village