TeethArchaeological discoveries of teeth provide remarkable information on humans, animals and the health, hygiene and diet of ancient communities. In this fully revised and updated 2005 edition of his seminal text, Simon Hillson draws together a mass of material from archaeology, anthropology and related disciplines to provide a comprehensive manual on the study of teeth. The range of mammals examined has been extended to include descriptions and line drawings for 325 mammal genera from Europe, North Africa, western, central and northeastern Asia, and North America. The book also introduces dental anatomy and the microscopic structure of dental tissues, explores how the age or season of death is estimated and looks at variations in tooth size and shape. With its detailed descriptions of the techniques and equipment used and its provision of tables and charts, this book is essential reading for students of archaeology, zoology and dental science. |
Contents
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
TOOTH FORM IN MAMMALS | 7 |
General structure | 8 |
Form function and identification | 13 |
Subclasses Eutheria Prototheria and Metatheria | 19 |
Order Insectivora | 20 |
Order Chiroptera | 29 |
Suborder Megachiroptera | 40 |
Resorption of root and crown | 198 |
Preparation techniques | 199 |
Cameras and light microscopes | 201 |
Scanning electron microscopy | 205 |
Conclusion | 206 |
TEETH AND AGE | 207 |
Tooth wear | 214 |
Microwear | 219 |
Order Primates | 42 |
Order Carnivora | 45 |
Order Pinnipedia | 63 |
Order Cetacea | 69 |
Order Rodentia | 73 |
Order Lagomorpha | 110 |
Order Edentata and Order Pholidota | 111 |
Order Tubulidentata | 117 |
Order Sirenia | 120 |
Order Hyracoidea | 122 |
Order Artiodactyla | 128 |
Suborder Ruminantia Pecora | 132 |
Suborder Tragulina | 143 |
Conclusions | 145 |
DENTAL ISSUES | 146 |
The organic component of dental tissues | 148 |
Chemistry and physics of dental tissues in archaeology | 150 |
Dental enamel | 155 |
Dentine | 184 |
Cement | 193 |
Age estimation from dental development eruption and wear in different orders of mammals | 223 |
Circumannual layering in cement and dentine | 245 |
Other agerelated histological changes | 255 |
SIZE AND SHAPE | 257 |
Measurable variation | 260 |
Nonmetrical variation | 272 |
Occlusion and malocclusion | 281 |
Conclusion | 284 |
DENTAL DISEASE | 286 |
Dental calculus | 288 |
Dental caries | 290 |
Immunity and inflammation | 303 |
Trauma | 314 |
Anomalies of eruption resorptions and abrasions | 315 |
Cysts odontomes and tumours | 316 |
Conclusion palaeoepidemiology and recording | 317 |
THE GRANT DENTAL ATTRITION AGE ESTIMATION METHOD | 319 |
| 323 | |
| 364 | |
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Common terms and phrases
age estimation alveolar American Journal animals apatite archaeological attrition bone Bovidae Boyde brown striae buccal distal canines caries carnassials cheek teeth collagen cross striations crown height cusps deciduous teeth deer defects dental caries dental development dental tissues dentine Dimensions are lengths dimorphism distal side enamel eruption Family fibres Figure fourth premolar genera growth Hillson human hypocone hypsodont incisors infoldings Journal of Physical left permanent dentitions lengths of tooth lophs lower left permanent lower m3-c m2 m₁ mammals matrix measurements mesial mesial lingual mesial side microscope microwear Miles & Grigson mineralised occlusal occlusal surface pattern perikymata periodontal periodontal ligament permanent cheek teeth Physical Anthropology plaque populations postcanine premolar Primates prisms pulp chamber ridges right and lower rodents root row from mesial sections side of third specimens structure talonid third molar tooth row tusks upper m3-c upper molars upper right variation worn zones
Popular passages
Page 326 - Boyde A. (1969) Electron microscopic observations relating to the nature and development of prism decussation in mammalian dental enamel. Bull. Group int. Rech.
Page 331 - Dean, MC, Beynon, AD, Thackeray, JF, and Macho, GA, 1993. Histological reconstruction of dental development and age at death of a juvenile Paranthropus robustus specimen, SK 63, from Swartkrans, South Africa. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.
Page 335 - Size and Morphology of Children's Teeth in North Wales', in B.