The Herring Gull's World: A Study of the Social Behavior of Birds |
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adult aggressive alarm call animals attack beach begging begin behaviour behaviour-pattern bill bill-tip birds Black-backed Gull Black-headed Gull breeding season brooding CHAPTER chicks choking club colony colour Common Gull copulation cryptic defence developed displacement activities distance drive dummies dunes eggs experiments fact feathers feeding female fighting function Goethe ground Gull's head head-tossing Iceland Gulls incubating bird incubation individuals influence innate instance intensity interesting Lapwings Laughing Gull Lesser Black-backed Lesser Black-backed Gull Little Owl male male's mate mew call migration neck nest nest-building normal observed occasionally paddling pair parent peck Plate plumage Portielje possible predator preening prey problem react reaction recognise red patch released responses ritualised Rüppell Sandwich Terns seems seen sense-organs sexual sign stimuli sitting situation species stickleback stretched strong terns territory Terschelling tests Three-spined Stickleback Tinbergen upright threat posture urge usually utter visual walks Wassenaar watching wings young