The Geographic and Taxonomic Relationships of the Great Basin Spadefoot Toad, Scaphiopus Intermontanus, to Other Members of the Subgenus Spea |
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19 July allopatric animals Appendix behavioral patterns bombifrons calls bombifrons females boss breeding call differences call length calling behavior character displacement choruses Colorado River Designation in Figure discriminant functions dominant frequency eastern Utah ellipses of equiprobability enclosure Figure 12 fontanelle four corners region frontoparietal bones gene exchange geographic variation hammondii females high-pulse-rate Humerus hybrid groups hybrids identification scheme indicated individuals inter intermontanus calls intermontanus females introgression isolating mechanism June length and pulse Locality Number loudspeaker low-pulse-rate mating call system measurements montanus morphological number of females observed occurred pair of species parental species phenetic pulse number pulse rate pulses/sec range of response regression reproductive isolating reproductive isolating mechanism response of females Results samples Scaphiopus hammondii Scaphiopus intermontanus seen shown in Figure significant similar Skull specimens spectrograms subgenus Spea sympatry Table tape Transverse Processes values vocal cord width vocal pouch volume volume velocity water temperature Wyoming Zweifel