Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and UseNational Research Council, Policy and Global Affairs, Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee on Health, Environmental, and Other External Costs and Benefits of Energy Production and Consumption Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. |
Contents
22 | |
2 Energy for Electricity | 64 |
3 Energy for Transportation | 154 |
4 Energy for Heat | 222 |
5 Climate Change | 248 |
6 Infrastructure and Security | 309 |
7 Overall Conclusions and Recommendations | 337 |
References | 372 |
Common Units and Conversions | 405 |
Appendixes | 409 |
Biographic Information on the Committee on Health Environmental and Other External Costs and Benefits of Energy Production and Consumption | 411 |
A Simple Diagrammatic Example of an Externality | 420 |
Description of the Air Pollution Emission Experiments and Policy APEEP Model and Its Application | 423 |
Description of GREET and Mobile6 Models and Their Applications | 432 |
Supplemental Information on LandUse Externalities from Biofuels A Case Study of the Boone River Watershed | 470 |
Abbreviations | 400 |
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Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use NATL ACADEMY PR No preview available - 2009 |