The UreterThis volume, focusing on the ureter and the diseases which involve it, is an updated second edition. Many journals and textbooks deal with the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, and therapy of derangements of the urinary tract. In most instances, however, the discussion properly centers on the disease process itself and its primary aspects, with only a tan gential description of effects on the ureter. The editor is therefore correct that the ureter itself should be considered a major organ. Though it has been regarded in the recent past as a simple muscular tube, reacting to stretching or filling by contraction, this simplistic view of ureteral phys iology is changing fast. With expanded knowledge of ureteral physiology, a pharmacology is developing which is becoming useful to the clinician in many ways. One of the most interesting aspects of the ureter is its role in inducing the permanent kidney, the metanephros. Relatively slight displacements in the origin of the ureteral bud result in ectopic ureteral orifices and a wide range of congenital anomalies. An ureteral bud which arises medial to the normal position at the genu of the mesonephric duct results in a lateral, and usually incompetent, ureterovesical junction after the duct is taken up to form a portion ofthe trigone. This appears certainly to be the developmental mechanism which results in primary reflux. |
Contents
Development of the Ureter | 1 |
Anatomy and Ultrastructure of the Ureter | 55 |
Principles of Ureteral Physiology | 71 |
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abdominal anastomosis artery axons bilateral bowel Boyarsky calculi calyces carcinoma catheter clinical complications congenital cystoscopy diagnosis disease distal drainage duct ectopic ureter effect endometriosis epithelium excretory fibers fistula flap Gynecol hydronephrosis ileal conduit iliac incision infection intravenous pyelogram involved kidney layer lesion lower ureter lumen medial megaureter membrane ment mucosa muscle cells nephrectomy nephroureterectomy nerve normal Obstet occur operation patient peristalsis peristaltic periureteral postoperative preoperative present pressure primary procedure proximal reimplantation renal function renal pelvis repair reported retrograde retroperitoneal fibrosis right ureter secondary segment smooth muscle splinting stent stoma stone struction studies Surg surgery surgical sutures symptoms technique teral therapy tion tissue tomy transplantation treatment trigone tumors upper urinary tract ureteral bud ureteral calculi ureteral catheter ureteral injury ureteral obstruction ureteral orifice ureteral stump ureteral tumors ureteral wall ureterocele ureteropelvic junction ureterostomy ureterovesical junction urethra urine urogram urography Urol Urology usually vesical vesicoureteral reflux vessels