Historical Dictionary of TurkmenistanTurkmenistan is known for its huge oil and gas resources, as well as for the rich, complex, and captivating history of the Turkmen people. For centuries they were known as skillful and courageous warriors who left deep marks in the histories of other countries, such as India, Russia, Afghanistan, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Egypt. As craftsmen, they constructed extraordinary architectural monuments, whose ruins can be found all over the country, and famous Turkoman carpets are still highly valued in many parts of the world. Yet, for centuries, foreign invaders and local tribal conflict plagued the land with wars that devastated the Turkmen society and destroyed its magnificent but fragile oases. In the late 19th century, the Turkmens witnessed the establishment of the Russian Empire in their lands. In the years following, these lands were united by the Soviet government into a single political entity in an attempt to force the Soviet style nation-state building and socio-economic transformations. In 1991, the Turkmen parliament voted for the country's independence and promised to build a sovereign state capable of bringing prosperity and social and political stability to the society. The reality, however, proved to be more complex. After more than 15 years of independence, Turkmenistan still faces a number of difficulties, including economic and structural issues, security challenges, growing competition between various clans, and widespread poverty. Historical Dictionary of Turkmenistan provides a concise overview of the historical development of Turkmenistan. The introduction and chronology provide an overview of the Turkmen history, focusing on the history of the country in the 20th century, political and economic development, ethnic policies, and nation building. This is the first comprehensive reference book on Turkmenistan published in English that provides comprehensive up-to-date details about the contemporary history, economy, and culture. The dictionary consists of approximately 300 entries a |
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Contents
The Dictionary | 1 |
B | 23 |
C | 33 |
D | 45 |
E | 51 |
F | 57 |
G | 63 |
H | 72 |
P | 125 |
Q | 131 |
R | 132 |
S | 136 |
T | 143 |
U | 163 |
V | 168 |
Y | 171 |
I | 76 |
J | 82 |
L | 97 |
M | 100 |
N | 113 |
O | 121 |
Z | 172 |
Selected Statistical Data | 175 |
Changes in Geographic Names | 197 |
Bibliography | 201 |
About the Author | 239 |
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Common terms and phrases
20th century According activities administration Afghanistan agricultural ancient areas Army Ashgabat Asian attempted authorities Bank became began border building Bukhara Caspian Central Asia century changes Communist Party Congress Constitution cultural early economic elected Empire especially established ethnic etrap farmers forces foreign groups important increased independence industrial Institute introduced investments Iran Islamic issues Kazakhstan Khanate Khiva kilometers land language largest late leaders major menistan military million minister movement Niyazov oblast official opened organization percent Persian political population positions President production projects published region relations republic Russian Saparmurat schools sector Security significant social society statistical studies term territory tion trade traditional transportation tribal tribes troops Turk Turkistan Turkmen SSR Turkmenistan Union United University USSR Uzbekistan various welayat Western World
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Page 223 - The Bukharans: A Dynastic, Diplomatic, and Commercial History, 1550-1702. New York: St Martin's Press, 1997.
Page 226 - Monique Mekenkamp, Paul van Tongeren, and Hans van de Veen, eds., Searching for Peace in Central and South Asia: An Overview of Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding Activities (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2002).
References to this book
The Postsocialist Religious Question: Faith and Power in Central Asia and ... C. M. Hann Limited preview - 2006 |