Human Impacts on Ancient Marine Ecosystems: A Global PerspectiveTorben C. Rick, Jon M. Erlandson Archaeological data now show that relatively intense human adaptations to coastal environments developed much earlier than once believed—more than 125,000 years ago. With our oceans and marine fisheries currently in a state of crisis, coastal archaeological sites contain a wealth of data that can shed light on the history of human exploitation of marine ecosystems. In eleven case studies from the Americas, Pacific Islands, North Sea, Caribbean, Europe, and Africa, leading researchers working in coastal areas around the world cover diverse marine ecosystems, reaching into deep history to discover how humans interacted with and impacted these aquatic environments and shedding new light on our understanding of contemporary environmental problems. |
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abundance American ancient animals appear archaeological assemblages birds bone California century changes Channel climatic Coast coastal communities continued cultural dated decline early ecological economies ecosystems edited effects ENSO environmental environments Erlandson et al evidence exploitation extinction Figure fish fisheries Formative groups habitats harvesting historical Holocene human impacts hunting important increased indicate Islands isotope Journal kelp land Late Maine mammals marine ecosystems marine resources mean midden Middle nature Norse North Northern Ocean Pacific patterns percent period Peru Pleistocene populations predation prehistoric present Press probably productivity range recent record region relatively remains Report Research result rock lobsters samples Santa Barbara Science sea otters seal Settlement shell shellfish significant South southern species studies subsistence suggest Table taxa terrestrial tion trophic level University values Vellanoweth Viking West World Zealand Zooarchaeology