On the Sensations of Tone

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Dover Publications, Apr 22, 2013 - Music - 608 pages

On the Sensations of Tone

is one of the world's greatest scientific classics. It bridges the gap between the natural sciences and music theory and, nearly a century after its first publication, it is still a standard text for the study of physiological acoustics — the scientific basis of musical theory. It is also a treasury of knowledge for musicians and students of music and a major work in the realm of aesthetics, making important contributions to physics, anatomy, and physiology in its establishment of the physical theory of music. Difficult scientific concepts are explained simply and easily for the general reader.
The first two parts of this book deal with the physics and physiology of music. Part I explains the sensation of sound in general, vibrations, sympathetic resonances, and other phenomena. Part II cover combinational tones and beats, and develops Helmholtz's famous theory explaining why harmonious chords are in the ratios of small whole numbers (a problem unsolved since Pythagoras).
Part III contains the author's theory on the aesthetic relationship of musical tones. After a survey of the different principles of musical styles in history (tonal systems of Pythagoras, the Church, the Chinese, Arabs, Persians, and others), he makes a detailed study of our own tonal system (keys, discords, progression of parts).
Important points in this 576-page work are profusely illustrated with graphs, diagrams, tables, and musical examples. 33 appendices discuss pitch, acoustics, and music, and include a very valuable table and study of the history of pitch in Europe from the fourteenth to the nineteenth centuries.

About the author (2013)

A German physicist and physiologist, Hermann von Helmholtz made the first precise formulation of the principle of conservation of energy. During physiological studies of muscle action and animal heat, Helmholtz developed this idea as a result of studying the oxidation of food by animals. His formulation led to the first law of thermodynamics, which states that the total energy of a system and its surrounding remains constant even during a phase change. Helmholtz also contributed to the fields of hydrodynamics and electrodynamics, attempting to formulate a general unified theory. In addition, Helmholtz made significant discoveries in the physiology of vision and hearing. He invented the ophthalmoscope and promoted the three-color theory of vision to investigate color vision and color blindness. By the enormous breadth of his scientific contributions and the exactness of his work, Helmholtz dominated German science during the middle of the nineteenth century. He helped make Germany the focus of attention for the world's scientific community. Helmholtz and his students took classical mechanics to its limits, helping to set the stage for the revolution in physics at the beginning of the twentieth century, represented by quantum theory and the theory of relativity. This revolution was mainly carried out by German scientists, applying the rigorous mathematical and experimental standards set by Helmholtz.

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