The Effects of Hypergravity and Microgravity on Biomedical ExperimentsTake one elephant and one man to the top of a tower and simultaneously drop. Which will hit the ground first? You are a pilot of a jet fighter performing a high-speed loop. Will you pass out during the maneuver? How can you simulate being an astronaut with your feet still firmly placed on planet Earth? In the aerospace environment, human, animal, and plant physiology differs significantly from that on Earth, and this book provides reasons for some of these changes. The challenges encountered by pilots in their missions can have implications on the health and safety of not only themselves but others. Knowing the effects of hypergravity on the human body during high-speed flight led to the development of human centrifuges. We also need to better understand the physiological responses of living organisms in space. It is therefore necessary to simulate weightlessness through the use of specially adapted equipment, such as clinostats, tilt tables, and body suspension devices. Each of these ideas, and more, is addressed in this review of the physical concepts related to space flights, microgravity, and hypergravity simulations. Basic theories, such as Newton’s law and Einstein’s principle are explained, followed by a look at the biomedical effects of experiments performed in space life sciences institutes, universities, and space agencies. Table of Contents: General Concepts in Physics - Definition of Physical Terms / The Effects of Hypergravity on Biomedical Experiments / The Effects of Microgravity on Biomedical Experiments / References |
Contents
Chapter 1 General Concepts in Physics
Definition of Physical Terms | 1 |
Chapter 2The Effects of Hypergravity on Biomedical Experiments | 17 |
Chapter 3The Effects of Microgravity on Biomedical Experiments | 39 |
| 65 | |
Author Biography | 69 |
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acceleration Aerospace Medicine aircraft angle Apollo Apollo 12 apparent weight approximately artificial gravity astronauts Auxin bed rest biomedical experiments blood Body Suspension Devices BR-CM Brazil cardiovascular celestial body cell culture cells/cm3 Centre 3D clinostat decrease diffusion chambers drop tower effects of hypergravity effects of microgravity FIGURE free fall G force G-LOC gravitational force http://www.nasa.gov http://www.pucrs.br/feng/microg human centrifuge human physiology hypergravity hypergravity exposure increase inertial mass King’s College London km/h Lagrangian points lymphocytes Microgravity Centre 3D Microgravity Centre/FENG-PUCRS microgravity on Earth mmHg Moon motor muscle NASA Neutral Buoyancy Facility Newton’s law normal force object orbit parabolic flight partial gravity PBMCs pilot plant growth proliferation and cellular reentry rocket rotation Russomano sativa Mill Schematic view simulated microgravity SolidWorks Space Agency space missions Space Shuttle Space Station space tourism spacecraft spaceflight spinal stenosis supine position test body tilt table tion vector velocity weightlessness