Ecological Risk Assessment Issue PapersProvides scientific & technical information that scientists can use along with other materials to develop ecological risk assessment guidance. Highlights important principles & approaches relevant to the ecological risk assessment framework that scientists should consider in preparing guidelines. Covers: biological stressors, ecological recovery, exposures characteristics, & much more. Figures & tables. |
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agent analysis application approach aquatic assessment endpoints assessor benthic bioaccumulation biological stressors biomass biotic birds carbofuran chemical stressors components concentrations conceptual model contaminants contingent valuation criteria decision defined determine distribution disturbance dynamics ecological assessment ecological effects ecological risk assessment ecological significance ecological systems ecosystem ecosystem models environment estimates evaluation example exposure extrapolation factors fish food web forest framework function guidelines habitat hypothesis impacts important increase indirect effects individual interactions introduced species involves Issue Paper laboratory landscape measurement endpoints methods microorganisms natural nutrient nutrient cycling organisms parameters pathways pesticides physical stressors plant population potential predators predict problem formulation propagules quantitative rates recovery relationships reproductive resource response result risk characterization risk manager sampling sediments soil spatial scale statistical stochastic stress structure studies successional Suter temporal scale toxicity U.S. Environmental Protection U.S. EPA uncertainty values variability wetlands zooplankton
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Page 3-47 - Unreasonable adverse effects on the environment. — The term "unreasonable adverse effects on the environment" means any unreasonable risk to man or the environment, taking into account the economic, social, and environmental costs and benefits of the use of any pesticide.
Page ii - This document has been reviewed in accordance with US Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Page 8-13 - But the more fundamental conception is, as it seems to me, the whole system (in the sense of physics), including not only the organism-complex, but also the whole complex of physical factors forming what we call the environment of the biome — the habitat factors in the widest sense.
Page 8-13 - It is the systems so formed which, from the point of view of the ecologist, are the basic units of nature on the face of the earth. . . . These ecosystems, as we may call them, are of the most various kinds and sizes. They form one category of the multitudinous physical systems of the universe, which range from the universe as a whole down to the atom.
Page 8-13 - Though the organisms may claim our primary interest. when we are trying to think fundamentally we cannot separate them from their special environment. with which they form one physical system. It is the systems so formed which. from the point of view of the ecologist. are the basic units of nature on the face of the earth — These ecosystems.
Page 5-84 - GT. 1991. The contribution of ammonia, metals and nonpolar organic compounds to the toxicity of sediment interstitial water from an Illinois river tributary.
Page 5-75 - JW. 1990. Identification of ammonia as an important sediment-associated toxicant in the lower Fox River and Green Bay, Wisconsin.
Page 10-36 - An Ecosystem Approach to the Integrity of the Great Lakes in Turbulent Times.
Page 4-60 - A disturbance is any relatively discrete event in time that disrupts ecosystem, community, or population structure and changes resources, substrate availability, or the physical environment.
Page 5-78 - Ability of standard toxicity tests to predict the effects of the insecticide diflubenzuron on laboratory stream communities